Abstract: As a new type of green solvent，ionic liquid shows remarkable advantages in the extraction of heavy metal ions comparing with traditional organic solvents. This review presented the latest research developments and progress in the extraction of heavy metal ions with ionic liquids. The mechanism and influencing factors for extraction process were discussed in detail，which included chelating agent concentration，extraction time，extraction temperature，ionic liquid composition，pH value of solution，initial concentration of metal ions，interfering ions and mass ratio of water to ionic liquid. Furthermore，the approaches to enhance the extraction performance and the situation of metal ion removal and ionic liquids recycle were introduced. The research and application status of this method were reviewed in wastewater treatment，heavy metal ion analysis and metallurgy. Its future development lay in the synthesis of functionalized ionic liquids and the extraction efficiency enhancement to achieve its industrial application was also addressed.

Key words: ionic liquid, heavy metal, extraction, influencing factor

摘要： 离子液体作为一种新型的绿色溶剂，在重金属离子萃取分离方面较传统的有机溶剂有显著的优势。本文系统综述了近年来使用离子液体萃取重金属离子的研究进展，详细讨论了离子液体萃取重金属离子的原理和影响因素，包括螯合剂浓度、萃取时间、萃取温度、离子液体组成、溶液pH值、金属离子初始浓度、干扰离子以及水/离子液体质量比等。进一步介绍了提高离子液体萃取性能的措施以及金属离子的脱除与离子液体的回收状况，以及该萃取方法在废水处理、重金属离子分析和冶金中的研究与应用现状，最后指出其未来发展方向是合成功能化离子液体、提高萃取效率，以实现其工业化应用。

关键词: 离子液体, 重金属, 萃取, 影响因素