Abstract:

The microwave thermal inversion process of oily sludge was studied by programmed temperature increasing. Results show that the microwave thermal inversion process can be divided into 5 stages：temperature rapidly-increasing stage，microwave drying stage，microwave evaporation stage of heavy hydrocarbon，microwave pyrolysis stage and microwave burning stage. At each stage，the appearance of oily sludge significantly changes. There are no significant effects of microwave absorbent，which was produced in the microwave burning processes of oily sludge，on the characteristics of microwave thermal conversion process. However，microwave absorbent accelerates the microwave pyrolysis process，resulting in time decreasing for whole microwave thermal inversion process of oily sludge with less energy consumption. A large volume of non-condensable gases are generated from the microwave pyrolysis stage，which are mainly composed of H₂ and C₁～C₅ with higher portion of C₂～C₅. Much more non-condensable gases are produced at the microwave burning stage compared with that at microwave pyrolysis stage，in which there are higher content of H₂ and less C₃～C₅. Recovered liquid oil，which is composed of 23.95% gasoline，65.44% diesel and 31.06% heavy oil，is largely generated at microwave evaporation stage and microwave pyrolysis stage of oily sludge，indicating that the recovered oil from microwave thermal inversion process of oily sludge has better quality. The concentrations of dissolved heavy metal ions from remains are far below the allowable values specified in Chinese National standard（GB5086.2—1997）.

摘要：

采用程序升温技术研究了油泥微波热转化过程。实验结果表明，微波作用下，油泥热转化过程分为5 个阶段，即快速升温阶段、干化阶段、烃类物质蒸发阶段、微波热解阶段和微波焚烧阶段。在各阶段中，油泥形态发生了显著的变化。油泥微波焚烧残渣作为微波吸收剂加入后，对微波热转化过程的升温特征没有明显影响，但是可以加速微波热解反应过程，而最终使得油泥微波热转化过程时间显著地缩短，有利于微波热转化过程的节能降耗。在微波热解阶段，开始有大量不凝气生成，主要是H₂和C₁～C₅成分，其中C₂～C₅含量最高；微波焚烧阶段不凝气量较多，C₃～C₅含量最低，H₂含量最高。回收液相油品主要来自油泥中烃类物质蒸发阶段和微波热解阶段，其组成为23.95%汽油、65.44%柴油、31.06%重油。可见，油泥微波热转化生成油具有很好的品质。微波800 ℃焚烧残渣重金属溶出量远低于国家标准，符合国家排放标准要求。