Abstract: The utilization of controlled-release fertilizer can improve crop nutrient uptake and fertilizer utilization efficiency. The design of controlled-release fertilizer should be based on the characteristics of crop nutrient uptake. In this paper，the nitrogen uptake accumulation of main crops were analyzed to be a “S”pattern and could be divided into seedling，vegetative and reproductive three periods. An ideal cumulative release curve of film coated controlled-release fertilizers should correspond with this “S”pattern，i.e. a mode of lagging，constant rate and decayed periods. For the match of fertilizer controlled release and crop nitrogen uptake，performance design for controlled-release fertilizer is suggested. For crops with a long growing period of passing winter，the release should be controlled with 20% in lagging of 120 to 150 days，55% in constant rate period of about 60 days，and 25% in decayed period of about 30 days. For corps with life of 90～130 days，the release should be controlled with 5% in lagging of 20 to 30 days，80% in constant rate period of 30 to 60 days，and 15% in decay period of about 30 days. For vegetative harvest of vegetables，the release should be controlled with 5% in lagging of about 20 days，and 95% in constant rate period of about 40 days.

摘要： 施用包膜控释肥能够改善作物对养分的吸收，提高化肥利用率，而控释肥释放性能需要依据作物对养分的需求特性来设计。本文综述了主要作物全生命周期对氮素的累积吸收规律，通过分析不同生育时期作物对氮素养分吸收的累积量，将作物吸收养分分为苗期—营养期—生殖期3个阶段，累积吸收曲线呈“S”型。而包膜控释肥理想的累积释放曲线也为“S”型，对应滞后期—快速期—衰退期，要从根本上提高养分利用率，控释肥养分释放特性必须与作物吸收特性相匹配。初步分析显示，理想的控释肥释放特性为，对于越冬生长的长生育期作物，应控制滞后期（120～150天）释放20%，快速期（约60天）释放55%，衰退期（约30天）释放25%；对于中生育期（90～130天）作物，控制滞后期（20～30天）氮素释放5%，快速期（30～60天）释放80%，衰退期（约30天）释放15%；对于在营养期采收的蔬菜，控制滞后期（约20天）释放5%，快速期（约40天）释放95%。