Abstract: Alumina as a porous material，is generally used as catalyst supports，catalysts，adsorbents and ceramic materials because of its good porous structure，high chemical and thermal stability. As the development of material science，nanoscale alumina with special morphologies has been synthesized. Comparing with conventional alumina，nanoscale alumina displayed excellent behavior in adsorption and catalysis owing to their unique porosity and surface property. This review summarizes the hydrothermal and solvothermal synthesis of nanoscale alumina and its precursor-boehmite. The formation mechanism and catalytic applications of nanoscale boehmite with different morphologies are discussed. Finally，development tread for synthetic techniques and applications of nanoscale boehmite is proposed.

摘要： 氧化铝作为一种多孔材料因其具有发达的孔道结构、高化学稳定性和热稳定性，被广泛用作催化剂载体、催化剂和吸附材料等。随着材料科学的发展，具有特定形貌的纳米氧化铝相继成功合成。由于异形氧化铝独特的孔道结构和表面性质，显示出比传统的活性氧化铝更加优越的吸附和催化性能。本文从氧化铝前体薄水铝石的合成过程出发，综述了水/溶剂热法合成不同形貌纳米薄水铝石的研究进展，包括不同形貌纳米薄水铝石的形成机理和催化应用。最后，对纳米薄水铝石的制备与应用发展趋势进行了展望。