Abstract: This review starts with a brief introduction on principles and methods of microbiological molecular ecology as well as their applications in soil remediation. In addition to the genetic information of soil microbial community，the use of microbial molecular ecological tools enables the monitoring of the growth and function of inoculant degrading microbials，as well as their interaction with the indigenous microorganisms. These information are of fundamental importance for the selection and screening of degradation microbial communities，the intensification of degradation process，and the evaluation of remediated soil. Application perspective of microbiological molecular ecology is also discussed.

摘要： 概述了微生物分子生态学技术的原理及在土壤生物修复中的应用。该技术可以提供土壤微生物群落多样性信息，跟踪降解菌株（群）的定植及发挥作用的过程，展现投加菌株与土著菌群相互作用的信息，为生物修复中降解菌的筛选、修复过程的强化及修复结果的评估提供生物学信息。展望了该技术在土壤生物修复中应用的前景。