Abstract: Compared with spherical gold particles，the anisotropic gold nanorods exhibit anisotropic chemical and optical properties simultaneously. The unique characteristics of surface plasmon resonance（SPR）and SPR induced strong optical absorption and luminescence provide great application potentials in materials science and biomedical fields. This paper mainly reviews the latest research progress in the synthesis and assembly of gold nanorods. The concrete contents include：the synthesis of gold nanorods，the template mediated self-assembly of gold nanorods，the surface tension induced self-assembly of gold nanorods and their applications.

摘要： 与球形金颗粒相比，各向异性的金纳米棒同时具有化学和光学上的各向异性，其更为特殊的表面等离子共振（SPR）特性和基于表面SPR的强吸收和发光特性，在材料科学和生物医学领域中存在着巨大的应用前景。本文主要评述了金纳米棒合成与组装的最新研究进展，具体内容包括：金纳米棒的合成、模板诱导的金纳米棒的自组装、表面张力诱导的金纳米棒的自组装及应用。