Abstract: Electrospun hierarchical porous materials with micro- and nanometer scale porous structure offer high specific surface area and unique properties for various applications. The preparation of electrospun hierarchical porous nanofiber mats is reviewed，including organic series and ceramic series. For the organic series，phase separation induced by solvent evaporation and other factors is the main mechanism of forming porous structure. While the template methods are often used to prepare inorganic porous nanofibers. The hierarchical pore structure further enlarges the surface area and enhances the hydrophobic property of the fiber mat，which alters the performance of the mat greatly.

摘要： 包含纤维间与纤维内多孔结构的静电纺多级孔材料，具有大的比表面积和独特的性能，在多个领域具有潜在的应用价值。本文综述了用静电纺丝法制备多级孔纳米纤维毡的方法，包括有机聚合物纤维与陶瓷纤维。由溶剂挥发等多种因素引致的相分离是有机聚合物纤维生成多孔结构的主要机理，而模板法则是制备多孔陶瓷纤维的主要手段。多级孔结构的形成增大了材料的比表面积，增强了材料的疏水性，赋予了静电纺纤维毡材料独特的性能。