Abstract: The quaternary ammonium salt of chitosan is one of important chitosan derivatives. It can be used in various fields involving cosmetics，pharmaceutical，medical applications and treatment of waste water because of its good water solubility，moisture absorption property，bactericidal activity and flocculation property. The recent advances in the synthesis of chitosan quaternary ammonium salt and its application are reviewed. Finally，the research trends are prospected.

摘要： 壳聚糖季铵盐是一类重要的壳聚糖衍生物，以其良好的水溶性、保湿性、抑菌性和絮凝性，在医药、化妆品和环保等方面的应用日趋广泛。简要评述了近年来季铵化壳聚糖的制备及其应用研究进展，并展望了该领域今后的研究方向。