Abstract: Hazard and operability (HAZOP) analysis is widely used and recognized as the preferred safety analysis approach in the chemical process systems. Compare with the manual HAZOP analysis，the computer aided HAZOP analysis has many advantages，such as good maturity，time saving，effort saving，and so on．However，the report of the computer aided HAZOP analysis has a huge number of HAZOP results and the important issues can not be separated from the general ones. The computer aided HAZOP analysis based on AHP was studied. The formation mechanism of disaster in process systems，the general formation of disaster in complex process systems，and the principles of fault and accident diagnosis，forecast and disasters prevention in complex process systems were investigated. Dangerous paths were sequenced according to their objective evaluation weights. The system provides a scientific basis for suggestions about preventing important potential danger and adopting programmed control system，interlock mechanism，or linkage. The analysis of nitrobenzene prefractionator by the SDG-HAZOP program based on AHP was taken as an example to formulate the actual application of the computer aided HAZOP analysis technology based on AHP.

摘要： 危险与可操作性（hazard and operability，HAZOP）分析是化工过程中应用较广的危险分析技术。计算机辅助HAZOP分析技术相对于人工分析具有完备性好、省时和省力等优点，但仍存在报表中分析结果主次不清等问题。本文以利用基于层次分析法的SDG-HAZOP软件分析硝基苯初馏塔分离为例，阐述了基于层次分析法的计算机辅助HAZOP分析技术的实际应用。包括基于层次分析法的计算机辅助HAZOP分析技术、研究工程系统灾害形成的机理、工程复杂系统灾害形成遵循的共性规律、工程复杂系统故障和事故的诊断预测以及灾害的防治原理，将危险路径按相对重要度大小进行排序，为有针对性地对重要危险隐患提出防范建议，采用程序控制、联锁或联动机构等措施提供了科学依据。