Abstract: By introducing amphiphilic balance (P0)，hydrophilic balance (k)，and amphiphilic matching coefficient (l)，the amphiphilic balance and comb-shaped copolymers of the polycarboxylate superplasticizer were investigated. The result showed that in the viscosity range (1.28－1.32)，hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of polycarboxylate superplasticizer of methacrylic acid showed a linear relationship：y=0.6327x+0.5078(R2＝0.9535)，amphiphilic balance P0＝0.5078，hydrophilic balance k＝0.6327. Under specific condition，the calculated matching coefficient could be used to predict the dispersing ability and monomer matching before synthesizing the copolymer.

摘要： 通过引入两亲平衡值（P0）、亲水平衡因子（k）、两亲匹配系数（l）等概念对共聚物减水剂两亲平衡、结构与性能关系进行了研究。结果表明：特定黏度范围内（相对黏度为1.28～1.32），甲基丙烯酸体系的聚羧酸减水剂平均亲水值与平均亲油值存在线性关系：y=0.6327x+0.5078，其相关系数R2＝0.9535，其中两亲平衡值P0＝0.5078，亲水平衡因子k＝0.6327；对于特定条件下的共聚物减水剂，可以通过计算两亲匹配系数，从而在聚合反应前预测其共聚物分散能力的大小，对聚羧酸减水剂的单体选择、配比优化设计有很强的指导作用。