Abstract: Acetone-butanol fermentation is one of the thriving industrial fermentation processes. Its decline since the 1950s was caused by the availability of much cheaper feed stocks for chemical solvent synthesis in the petrochemical industry. With the exhaustion of petrochemical resources，acetone-butanol fermentation displays great economic benefits and strategic significance. In this paper，the recent research progress in acetone-butanol fermentation is reviewed in detail，including metabolic mechanism，improvement of producing strains and development of fermentation process. High yield strategies are presented to resolve the existing problems in acetone-butanol fermentation，such as screening high butanol-tolerance strains，screening producing strains with high proportion of butanol，high efficiency utilization of solvent-producing cells and coupling fermentation with efficient separation process with low energy consumption.

摘要： 从代谢机理的阐明、生产菌种的改良和发酵工艺的改进3个方面综述了丙酮丁醇发酵近年来的研究进展。针对丙酮丁醇发酵工艺中存在的问题，提出高丁醇耐受性菌种的选育、高丁醇比例菌种的选育、发酵细胞的高效利用、发酵与高效低能耗分离工艺的耦合等高产策略。