Abstract: The post-petroleum epoch is approaching as indicated by resources，energy and environmental crises. Bio-energy，bulk chemicals and biomaterials could be produced from renewable biomass by bio-refineries. It will integrate the sustainable industries into the global mass cycle，forming a kind of new civilization including new industries and agriculture driven by solar energy. Industrial bio-technology is the support for bio-economy. Its applications will bring forth bio-energy，bulk chemicals and biomaterials. A new creative mode should be set up with the enterprises as the core surrounded by universities and research institutes. It will promote the creativities of industrial bio-technology，and China will be on a successful way to green modernization.

摘要： 综述了当今人类社会严重的资源、能源与环境危机标志着后化石经济时代的来临；认为发展生物经济，利用可再生资源通过生物炼制生产生物能源、大宗化学品与生物材料，将可持续发展的工业融入地球大体系的物质循环之中，实现在太阳能驱动下的工业与农业，将构成人类的新文明。评述了工业生物技术是生物经济的支柱，其应用将形成生物能源产品工程与生物炼制技术生产大宗化学品与生物材料的产品工程。建立以企业为核心，高等院校、研究院所共同发展的创新研发模式将大大促进工业生物技术的创新，中国将可以走出一条通往绿色生态现代化之路。