Abstract:

Frequent oil leakage accidents seriously pollute water resources and destroy the ecological environment, and it takes a lot of time, manpower and material resources to treat oily sewage. Thus, it is particularly important to study efficient oil-water separation and adsorption materials. Melamine sponge is an ideal adsorption material because of its high porosity, low density and rich microporous structure, showing excellent adsorption properties and good mechanical and chemical stability. However, due to its amphiphilic properties, which are both hydrophilic and lipophilic, it requires hydrophobic modification to prepare an oleophilic and hydrophobic melamine sponge which can be separated from oil and water. In this paper, the hydrophobic modification methods of melamine sponge were reviewed and the research progress on the oil-water separation performance of modified sponge was summarized. Different modified substances conferred special functions on sponge, such as photothermal conversion performance and flame retardant performance. With the deepening of research, it was imperative to develop green, low-cost and efficient hydrophobic modification methods, and to construct multi-functional modified sponges to adapt to different application scenarios, providing new solutions to address oil pollution problems.

Key words: melamine sponge, hydrophobic modification, oil-water separation, hydrophobic property, adsorption property

摘要：

频繁发生的石油泄漏事故严重污染水资源并破坏生态环境，处理含油污水需要耗费大量的时间、人力和物力，因此研究高效的油水分离吸附材料尤为重要。三聚氰胺海绵因具有高孔隙率、低密度和丰富的微孔结构等优点，展现出优异的吸附性能，同时具备良好的机械稳定性和化学稳定性，是一种理想的吸附材料。然而，由于其两亲性，既亲水又亲油，需对其进行疏水改性，制备成可进行油水分离的亲油疏水三聚氰胺海绵。本文综述了三聚氰胺海绵的疏水改性方法，总结了改性后海绵在油水分离性能方面的研究进展，不同的改性物质赋予海绵特殊功能，如光热转化性能、阻燃性能等。随着研究的深入，开发绿色环保、低成本且高效的疏水改性方法势在必行，同时构建多功能化改性海绵以适应不同应用场景，为解决油污染问题提供新的解决方案。

关键词: 三聚氰胺海绵, 疏水改性, 油水分离, 疏水性能, 吸附性能