Abstract:

Oil based drilling fluids have the advantages of good temperature resistance, excellent inhibition, outstanding lubricity and minimal damage to the reservoir, but they also face issues such as insufficient cutting-carrying capacity and wellbore cleaning ability especially in deep wells and complex well conditions. This paper introduced the types, structures and preparation methods of rheology modifiers for oil based drilling fluids, briefly described the mechanisms of action of organoclay-based, synthetic polymer-based and organic/inorganic composite rheology modifiers, and analyzed the research progress of different types of rheology modifiers in improving the rheological properties of oil based drilling fluids, enhancing high-temperature and high-pressure adaptability, and increasing cuttings-carrying capacity. It was proposed that the future development of rheology modifiers for oil based drilling fluids should focus on enhancing rheological control under high-temperature and high-density conditions, while ensuring that the yield stress was increased without significantly increasing plastic viscosity and paying attention to the environmental performance of the materials. Furthermore, it was suggested to develop environment-responsive rheology modifiers by introducing smart materials to achieve intelligent and precise rheological control.

Key words: rheology modifier, oil based drilling fluid, organoclay, synthetic polymer, organic/inorganic composite materials

摘要：

油基钻井液具有良好的抗温性、优异的抑制性、突出的润滑性以及对储层损害程度小的优点，但存在携岩能力和井眼清洁能力不足的问题，尤其在深井和复杂井况中更加突出。本文介绍了油基钻井液用流型调节剂的类型、结构、制备方法，简述了有机黏土类、合成聚合物类及有机/无机复合材料类流型调节剂的作用机理，分析了不同类型流型调节剂在改善油基钻井液流变性能、增强高温高压适应性以及提升携岩能力方面的研究进展。提出未来油基钻井液用流型调节剂的发展应重点提升其在高温高密度条件下的流变控制能力，在提高切力的同时基本不增加塑性黏度，同时注重材料的环保性能。此外，建议通过引入智能材料，开发出环境响应型流型调节剂，实现流变调控的智能化和精确化。

关键词: 流型调节剂, 油基钻井液, 有机黏土, 合成聚合物, 有机/无机复合材料