Abstract:

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are characterized by high specific surface area, tunable structure and diverse compositions, and their derivatives are able to inherit the porous skeleton and chemical composition of MOFs and show better stability and tunability. MOFs and their derivatives are promising materials for gas purification, but being in solid powder form limits their application in practical scenarios. MOFs/nanofiber-based composites prepared based on electrospun nanofibers effectively combine the crystal structure and physicochemical properties of MOFs as well as the multistage structure and excellent flexibility of nanofibers, which are expected to solve the problems of difficult recycling and easy agglomeration of MOFs and their derivatives in practical applications. This paper firstly described the classes of MOFs and their derivatives, their synthesis methods and their applications in gas purification, and then focused on the preparation methods of MOFs/nanofiber composites and their common derivatives, and summarized the applications of MOFs/ nanofiber-based composites in the field of gas pollution purification. Although MOFs/nanofiber-based composites had made remarkable progress in the field of gas purification, there were still problems such as complicated process, poor reproducibility, low stability and durability. Finally, based on the above problems, this paper put forward suggestions for the design and preparation, as well as the mechanism of application, of MOFs/nanofiber-based composite materials in the future with the aim of providing reference for the preparation of MOFs/nanofiber-based composite materials with greater application potential.

Key words: nanofiber, metal-organic frameworks, composites, gas purification, electrospun

摘要：

金属有机骨架材料（MOFs）具有比表面积高、结构可调以及组成多样等优点，其衍生物能够继承MOFs的多孔骨架和化学成分，并表现出更好的稳定性和可调性。MOFs及其衍生物是气体净化领域极具潜力的材料，但由于其为粉末状固体，使其在实际场景中的应用受到限制。基于静电纺丝纳米纤维制备的MOFs/纳米纤维基复合材料有效综合了MOFs的晶体结构、物理化学性质以及纳米纤维多级结构与优异的柔韧性，有望解决MOFs及其衍生物在实际应用中回收困难、易团聚等问题。本文首先叙述了MOFs及其衍生物的类别、合成方法以及在气体净化中的应用，随后重点介绍了MOFs/纳米纤维复合材料的制备方法及其常见衍生物，总结了MOFs/静电纺丝纳米纤维基复合材料在气体污染净化领域的应用。尽管MOFs/纳米纤维基复合材料在气体净化领域取得了显著进展，但仍存在工艺复杂、可重复性差、稳定性和耐久性低等问题。最后，基于上述问题对MOFs/纳米纤维基复合材料未来的设计与制备、应用机理研究提出了建议，以期为制备更具应用潜力的MOFs/纳米纤维基复合材料提供参考。

关键词: 纳米纤维, 金属有机骨架材料, 复合材料, 气体净化, 静电纺丝法