Current status of control technology of Fe impurity in recycled aluminum alloy

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-0653

Abstract

Abstract:

Using waste aluminum as raw material to produce recycled aluminum can reduce bauxite consumption and avoid high energy consumption and high emission in electrolytic aluminum production process. Due to the complex source and high pretreatment difficulty, a large amount of iron impurities are inevitably mixed in waste aluminum. Iron-containing impurities will form iron-rich intermetallic compounds of α-Fe, β-Fe, δ-Fe and π-Fe, which will significantly reduce the mechanical and corrosion resistance of recycled aluminum alloy, deteriorate castability, and lead to the degradation of recycled aluminum products. In this paper, the research status of iron-containing impurity removal technologies in aluminum alloys was reviewed. These technologies mainly included centrifugal method, electromagnetic method, filtration method, flux method, metamorphic element method, ultrasonic treatment, heat treatment and so on. The development trend of iron removal technologies in the future was prospected. In the future, the integrated calculation method should be introduced on the basis of crystal growth and solidification theory to explore the mass transfer, diffusion, enrichment, segregation and migration of iron in aluminum alloy, which had a strong guiding significance for the control of iron-rich phase. A new type of flux with high iron removal rate and green environmental protection was developed to improve the ability of flux to adsorb Fe impurities, the kinetic process of reaction with Fe impurities, and the uniformity and stability of reaction with aluminum melt.

Key words: recycled aluminum alloy, iron impurity, iron removal, iron-rich intermetallic compounds

摘要：

以废杂铝为原料生产再生铝，可减少铝土矿消耗，避免电解铝生产过程的高能耗和高排放。由于来源复杂、预处理难度高，废杂铝中不可避免地会混入大量铁杂质。含铁杂质会形成α-Fe、β-Fe、δ-Fe和π-Fe富铁金属间化合物，会显著减低再生铝合金的力学、抗腐蚀性能，恶化铸造性能，导致再生铝产品降级使用。本文综述了铝合金中含铁杂质去除技术的研究现状，主要包括离心法、电磁法、过滤法、熔剂法、变质元素法、超声波处理、热处理法等，并展望了未来除铁技术的的发展趋势。文章提出未来重点应在晶体生长、凝固理论基础上引入集成计算方法，探索铝合金中铁元素的传质、扩散、富集、偏析、迁移规律，这对富铁相控制有很强的指导意义；开发除铁率高、绿色环保的新型除铁熔剂，以提高熔剂吸附Fe杂质的能力、与Fe杂质反应的动力学进程、与铝熔体反应的均匀性和稳定性。

关键词: 再生铝合金, 铁杂质, 除铁, 富铁金属间化合物

CLC Number:

TG146.2

HE Xuefeng, LIU Bo, ZHANG Shengen. Current status of control technology of Fe impurity in recycled aluminum alloy[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(10): 5251-5269.

何学峰, 刘波, 张深根. 再生铝合金中含Fe杂质的控制技术现状[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(10): 5251-5269.

Figures/Tables 5

References 45

46	PUNCREOBUTR C, LEE P D, KAREH K M, et al. Influence of Fe-rich intermetallics on solidification defects in Al-Si-Cu alloys[J]. Acta Materialia, 2014, 68: 42-51.
47	HU Chen, LUO Wenfeng, ZHAO Haidong. Three-dimensional characteristics of Fe-rich intermetallics in gravity-cast Al-6Si alloys[J]. China Foundry, 2017, 14(5): 379-385.
48	骆文锋. 铸造铝硅合金富铁相三维特征及其对微观孔洞的影响[D]. 广州: 华南理工大学, 2017.
	LUO Wenfeng. The 3D characterization of Fe-rich intermetallics and its effect on microporosity in aluminum-silicon alloys[D]. Guangzhou: South China University of Technology, 2017.
49	HASSANI A, RANJBAR K, SAMI S. Microstructural evolution and intermetallic formation in Al-8wt% Si-0.8wt% Fe alloy due to grain refiner and modifier additions[J]. International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy, and Materials, 2012, 19(8): 739-746.
50	GANJEHFARD K, TAGHIABADI R, NOGHANI M T, et al. Tensile properties and hot tearing susceptibility of cast Al-Cu alloys containing excess Fe and Si[J]. International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials, 2021, 28(4): 718-728.
51	SHEN H, YANG W D, LIANG H, et al. Research advance in harmful effects and removal of impurity Fe from Al and Al alloys[J]. Advanced Materials Research, 2011, 295/296/297: 751-759.
52	孙士瞳, 郭占成, 唐惠庆, 等. 利用超重力分离铝熔体中富铁相[C]//2012年全国冶金物理化学学术会议, 2012: 5.
	SUN Shitong, GUO Zhancheng, TANG Huiqing, et al. Separation of iron-rich phases in aluminum melt by high gravity[C]// 2012 National Conference on Metallurgical Physics and Chemistry, 2012: 5.
53	ZHAO L X, GUO Z C, WANG Z, et al. Removal of low-content impurities from Al by super-gravity[J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 2010, 41(3): 505-508.
54	KIM S W, IM U H, CHA H C, et al. Removal of primary iron rich phase from aluminum-silicon melt by centrifugal separation[J]. China Foundry, 2013, 10(2): 112-117.
55	KRÄUTLEIN C, FRIEDRICH B. Removal of intermetallic precipitates from Al-melts by immersed centrifugation technology[C]// Proceedings of European Metallurgical Conference, 2005: 1593-1573.
1	黄伯云, 李成功, 石力开, 等. 中国材料工程大典第4卷. 有色金属材料工程（上）[M]. 北京: 化学工业出版社, 2006: 11.
	HUANG Boyun, LI Chenggong, SHI Likai, et al. China materials engineering canon. Volume4. Nonferrous metal materials engineering (I) [M]. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 2006: 11.
56	XU Zhenming,LI Tianxiao, ZHOU Yaohe. Elimination of Fe in Al-Si cast alloy scrap by electromagnetic filtration[J]. Journal of Materials Science, 2003, 38(22): 4557-4565.
57	XIAO T, LÜ G Q, BAO Y, et al. Electromagnetic separation of coarse Al-Si melts: the migration behavior of iron-rich phase and continuous growth of primary silicon[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2019, 819: 153006.
58	鲍雨. 电磁分离一次铝硅合金中硅和铁相的研究[D]. 昆明: 昆明理工大学, 2019.
	BAO Yu. Electromagnetic separation of silicon and iron phases in primary aluminum-silicon alloys[D]. Kunming: Kunming University of Science and Technology, 2019.
59	赵世民, 王毅博, 鲍雨, 等. 一次铝硅合金中的硅和富铁相电磁分离研究[J]. 热加工工艺, 2021, 50(1): 10-14.
	ZHAO Shimin, WANG Yibo, BAO Yu, et al. Study on electromagnetic separation of Si and Fe-rich phases in primary Al-Si alloy[J]. Hot Working Technology, 2021, 50(1): 10-14.
2	邓旭. 再生铝行业现状及未来发展趋势[J]. 资源再生, 2020(11): 27-29.
	DENG Xu. Current status and future development trend of secondary aluminum industry[J]. Resources Regeneration, 2020(11): 27-29.
3	张海坤, 胡鹏, 姜军胜, 等. 铝土矿分布特点、主要类型与勘查开发现状[J]. 中国地质, 2021, 48(1): 68-81.
	ZHANG H K, HU P, JIANG J S, et al. Distribution, genetic types and current situation of exploration and development of bauxite resources[J]. Geology in China, 2021, 48(1): 68-81.
60	BAO Y, LÜ G Q, WANG Y B, et al. Simultaneous removal of silicon and iron-rich phases from coarse Al-Si alloys using manganese under electromagnetic field[J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 2018, 49(6): 3413-3423.
61	LEE G, KIM M, PARK J. Elimination of iron in molten aluminum scrap by electromagnetic stirring technique[C]// Fernand Marquis. The 8th Pacific Rim International Congress on Advanced Materials and Processing, Hawaii: John Wiley & Sons, 2013:1041-1047.
62	唐奕, 党惊知, 杨晶, 等. 铝合金泡沫陶瓷过滤工艺研究[J]. 热加工工艺, 2010, 39(1): 58-60.
	TANG Y, DANG J Z, YANG J, et al. Technology research of foam ceramic filter to aluminum alloy[J]. Hot Working Technology, 2010, 39(1): 58-60.
63	VOIGT C, DITSCHERLEIN L, WERZNER E, et al. Wettability of AlSi7Mg alloy on alumina, spinel, mullite and rutile and its influence on the aluminum melt filtration efficiency[J]. Materials & Design, 2018, 150: 75-85.
64	BAO S, SYVERTSEN M, KVITHYLD A, et al. Wetting behavior of aluminium and filtration with Al₂O₃ and SiC ceramic foam filters[J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2014, 24(12): 3922-3928.
65	DAMOAH L N W, ZHANG L F. Removal of inclusions from aluminum through filtration[J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 2010, 41(4): 886-907.
66	庞士鹏, 张林, 周成双. 再生Al-Cu-Si系铝合金除铁方法: CN107619959B[P]. 2019-04-26.
	PANG Shipeng, ZHANG Lin, ZHOU Chengshuang. Iron removal method for regenerated Al-Cu-Si aluminum alloy: CN107619959B[P]. 2019-04-26.
67	DE MORAES H L, DE OLIVEIRA J R, ESPINOSA D C R, et al. Removal of iron from molten recycled aluminum through intermediate phase filtration[J]. Materials Transactions, 2006, 47(7): 1731-1736.
68	高建卫. 硼化物对铝熔体中杂质铁的净化作用及机理[D]. 上海: 上海交通大学, 2009.
	GAO Weijian. Effect and mechanism of iron removal from aluminum melt by boron compounds[D]. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2009.
69	谭喜平, 郑开宏, 张新明, 等. 氧化硼对再生A356铝合金中杂质铁的影响[J]. 材料导报, 2013, 27(22): 92-95.
	TAN Xiping, ZHENG Kaihong, ZHANG Xinming, et al. Effect of boron oxide on impurity iron in recycled A356 aluminum alloy[J]. Materials Review, 2013, 27(22): 92-95.
70	谭喜平, 郑开宏, 宋东福, 等. Al-3B中间合金添加量对再生铸造铝合金中杂质铁含量的影响[J]. 中国有色金属学报, 2014, 24(6): 1401-1407.
	TAN X P, ZHENG K H, SONG D F, et al. Effects of Al-3B master alloy addition on impurity iron content of recycled casting aluminum alloy[J]. The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals, 2014, 24(6): 1401-1407.
71	何健亭. 铸造铝合金中铁杂质的去除技术研究[D]. 广州: 华南理工大学, 2012.
	HE Jianting. Study on removal technology of iron impurity in cast aluminum alloy[D]. Guangzhou: South China University of Technology, 2012.
4	文提. 浅析电解铝的成本控制[J]. 中外企业家, 2019(12): 123-124.
	WEN Ti. Analysis on cost control of electrolytic aluminum[J]. Chinese and Foreign Entrepreneurs, 2019(12): 123-124.
72	庞士鹏. 铸造Al-Si合金铁相杂质去除技术研究[D]. 杭州: 浙江工业大学, 2019.
	PANG Shipeng. Research on iron phase impurity removal technology of casting Al-Si alloy[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University of Technology, 2019.
73	CHEN C, WANG J, SHU D, et al. A novel method to remove iron impurity from aluminum[J]. Materials Transactions, 2011, 52(8): 1629-1633.
74	谭喜平, 郑开宏, 戚文军, 等. 再生铝合金除铁技术的研究现状与展望[J]. 铸造技术, 2013, 34(11): 1446-1448.
	TAN Xiping, ZHENG Kaihong, QI Wenjun, et al. Current and prospect of removal technologies of Fe from Al-Si alloys[J]. Foundry Technology, 2013, 34(11): 1446-1448.
75	张树玲, 靳艺, 陈炜晔, 等. 稀土Y对再生铝合金ADC12含Fe相演变的影响[J]. 热加工工艺, 2020, 49(8): 41-45.
	ZHANG S L, JIN Y, CHEN W Y, et al. Effects of rare earth Y on evolution of Fe-containing phase in recycled aluminum alloy ADC12[J]. Hot Working Technology, 2020, 49(8): 41-45.
76	DING W W, ZHAO X Y, CHEN T L, et al. Effect of rare earth Y and Al-Ti-B master alloy on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 6063 aluminum alloy[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2020, 830: 154685.
5	MAUNG K N, YOSHIDA T, LIU G, et al. Assessment of secondary aluminum reserves of nations[J]. Resources Conservation and Recycling, 2017, 126: 34-41.
6	邵鹿峰. 我国再生铝产业现状及发展对策[J]. 世界有色金属, 2020(8): 172-173.
	SHAO Lufeng. Present situation and development countermeasure of reclaimed aluminum industry in China[J]. World Nonferrous Metals, 2020(8): 172-173.
7	DAS S K. Designing aluminum alloys for a recycle-friendly world[J]. Light Metal Age, 2006, 64(3): 26-32.
77	张镇凯, 郭永春, 夏峰, 等. 富Ce稀土与超声场对Al-Si合金中富铁相的影响[J]. 稀有金属, 2019, 43(2): 219-224.
	ZHANG Zhenkai, GUO Yongchun, XIA Feng, et al. Effect of Ce-rich rare earth and ultrasonic field on Fe-rich phase in Al-Si alloy[J]. Rare Metals, 2019, 43(2): 219-224.
78	JIANG H X, LI S X, ZHENG Q J, et al. Effect of minor lanthanum on the microstructures, tensile and electrical properties of Al Fe alloys[J]. Materials & Design, 2020, 195: 108991.
79	于小健, 宁萌, 周文军, 等. 稀土Y变质对Al-7Si-0.35Mg合金中富铁相的影响机制[J]. 兵器材料科学与工程, 2018, 41(1): 38-42.
	YU X J, NING M, ZHOU W J, et al. Influence mechanism of rare earth yttrium modification on Fe-rich phase in Al-7Si-0.35Mg alloy[J]. Ordnance Material Science and Engineering, 2018, 41(1): 38-42.
80	张欣, 王泽华, 邵佳, 等. 稀土对Al-3.0wt.%Mg合金微观组织结构的影响和作用机理[J]. 铸造, 2020, 69(1): 51-57.
	ZHANG X, WANG Z H, SHAO J, et al. Effect of rare earth on microstructure of Al-3.0wt.%Mg alloy and its action mechanism[J]. Foundry, 2020, 69(1): 51-57.
81	KAUR P, DWIVEDI D K, PATHAK P M. Effects of electromagnetic stirring and rare earth compounds on the microstructure and mechanical properties of hypereutectic Al-Si alloys[J]. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2012, 63(1/2/3/4): 415-420.
8	GAUSTAD G, OLIVETTI E, KIRCHAIN R. Improving aluminum recycling: a survey of sorting and impurity removal technologies[J]. Resources Conservation and Recycling, 2012, 58: 79-87.
9	CAPUZZI S, TIMELLI G. Preparation and melting of scrap in aluminum recycling: a review[J]. Metals, 2018, 8(4): 249.
10	NAKAJIMA K, TAKEDA O, MIKI T, et al. Thermodynamic analysis of contamination by alloying elements in aluminum recycling[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2010, 44(14): 5594-5600.
11	PARASKEVAS D, KELLENS K, DEWULF W, et al. Environmental modelling of aluminium recycling: a life cycle assessment tool for sustainable metal management[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2015, 105: 357-370.
12	李瑶. 铁坩埚对熔炼ADC12增铁性能的影响[J]. 中国新技术新产品, 2015(9): 56-56.
	LI Yao. Effect of iron crucible on iron enhancement performance of ADC12 smelting[J]. New Technology & New Products of China, 2015(9): 56-56.
13	张耀先. 富铁相在镁合金熔体中的沉淀行为与演变机制研究[D]. 济南: 山东大学, 2016.
	ZHANG Yaoxian. Segregation behavior and evolution mechanism of iron-rich phases in molten magnesium alloys[D]. Jinan: Shandong University, 2016.
14	JAMES S. Intermetallic phase selection in dilute Al-Fe-Si alloys[D]. England: University of Leeds, 1996.
15	秦鹏. 再生铝合金除铁技术探索[J]. 产业与科技论坛, 2018, 17(10): 76-77.
	QIN P. Research on iron removal technology of recycled aluminum alloy[J]. Industrial & Science Tribune, 2018, 17(10): 76-77.
82	唐鹏, 刘裔源, 黄惠毅, 等. 稀有元素Er对Al-Si-Fe-Co合金组织与性能的影响[J]. 稀有金属材料与工程, 2020, 49(10): 3528-3535.
	TANG Peng, LIU Yiyuan, HUANG Huiyi, et al.Effect of rare element er on microstructure and properties of Al-Si-Fe-Co alloy[J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2020, 49(10): 3528-3535.
16	LIU Tao, KARKKAINEN M, NASTAC L, et al. Iron-rich intermetallics in high pressure die cast A383 aluminum alloys[J]. Intermetallics, 2020, 126: 106814.
17	BELMARES P S, ZALDIVAR C A A. Addition of iron for the removal of the β-AlFeSi intermetallic by refining of α-AlFeSi phase in an Al-7.5Si-3.6Cu alloy[J]. Materials Science and Engineering B, 2010, 174(1/2/3): 191-195.
18	KHALIFA W, SAMUEL F H, GM-NSERC-UQAC, et al. Nucleation of Fe-intermetallic phases in the Al-Si-Fe alloys[J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 2005, 36A(4): 1017-1032.
83	TANG Qi, ZHAO Jianhua, WANG Tao, et, al. The effects of neodymium addition on the intermetallic microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-7Si-0.3Mg-0.3Fe alloys[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2018, 741: 161-173.
84	程炳超. 铝合金杂质元素铁和钙的无害化研究[D]. 北京: 北京交通大学, 2016.
19	BJURENSTEDT A, CASARI D, SEIFEDDINE S, et al. In-situ study of morphology and growth of primary α-Al(FeMnCr)Si intermetallics in an Al-Si alloy[J]. Acta Materialia, 2017, 130: 1-9.
20	QUE Z P, MENDIS C. Heterogeneous nucleation and phase transformation of Fe-rich intermetallic compounds in Al-Mg-Si alloys[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2020, 836: 155515.
21	FENG S K, LIOTTI E, LUI A, et al. In-situ X-ray radiography of primary Fe-rich intermetallic compound formation[J]. Acta Materialia, 2020, 196: 759-769.
22	周鹏飞, 陆从相. 汽车用铝合金富铁相形貌研究[J]. 中国铸造装备与技术, 2017(5): 8-10.
	ZHOU P F, LU C X. Study on the iron-rich phase of automobile aluminum[J]. China Foundry Machinery & Technology, 2017(5): 8-10.
23	FENG S K, CUI Y, LIOTTI E, et al. In-situ X-ray radiography of twinned crystal growth of primary Al₁₃Fe₄[J]. Scripta Materialia, 2020, 184: 57-62.
24	WANG J S, LEE P D, HAMILTON R W, et al. The kinetics of Fe-rich intermetallic formation in aluminium alloys: in situ observation[J]. Scripta Materialia, 2009, 60(7): 516-519.
25	PUNCREOBUTR C, PHILLION A B, FIFE J L, et al. In situ quantification of the nucleation and growth of Fe-rich intermetallics during Al alloy solidification[J]. Acta Materialia, 2014, 79: 292-303.
26	杨宁源, 周慧慧, 张志豪. Fe含量对Al-1.04wt.%Mg-0.64wt.%Si-0.23wt.%Cu合金析出相、力学性能和腐蚀性能的影响[J]. 材料科学与工艺, 2021, 29(3): 64-74.
	YANG Ningyuan, ZHOU Huizhui, ZHANG Zhihao. Effect of Fe content on precipitate, mechanical properties and corrosion properties of Al-1.04wt%Mg-0.64wt%Si-0.23wt%Cu alloy[J]. Materials Science and Technology, 2021, 29(3): 64-74.
27	陈立, 陈胜迁, 陈涛, 等. Fe含量对热挤压再生铝合金组织和性能的影响[J]. 特种铸造及有色合金, 2020, 40(3): 239-243.
	CHEN Li, CHEN Shengqian, CHEN Tao, et al. Effects of Fe content on microstructure and propreties of hot extrusion recycled aluminum alloy[J]. Special Casting & Nonferrous Alloys, 2020, 40(3): 239-243.
84	CHENG Bingchao. Harmless study on impurity elements of iron and calcium in aluminum alloy[D]. Beijing: Beijing Jiaotong University, 2016.
85	DHINAKAR A, LU P Y, TANG N K, et al. Iron reduction in 356 secondary aluminum alloy by Mn and Cr addition for sediment separation[J]. International Journal of Metalcasting, 2020, 15: 182-192.
86	黄惠毅, 刘裔源, 唐鹏, 等. Co元素对Al-10Si-1.5Fe合金显微组织和力学性能的影响[J]. 材料导报, 2020, 34(16): 16087-16093.
	HUANG Huiyi, LIU Yiyuan, TANG Peng, et al. Effect of Co element on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-10Si-1.5Fe alloy[J]. Materials Review, 2020, 34(16): 16087-16093.
87	FAISAL M, MAZNI N, RAO A, et al. Effect of 1.0% Ni on high-temperature impression creep and hardness of recycled aluminium alloy with high Fe content[C]// 4th Asia Pacific Conference on Manufacturing Systems and the 3rd International Manufacturing Engineering Conference, Bristol: IOP Publishing Ltd., 2018: 012066.
88	LIN B, LI H Y, XU R, et al. Effects of vanadium on modification of iron-rich intermetallics and mechanical properties in A356 cast alloys with 1.5wt.% Fe[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2019, 28(1): 475-484.
89	SANTOS J, JARFORS A E W, DAHLE A K. Formation of iron-rich intermetallic phases in Al-7Si-Mg: Influence of cooling rate and strontium modification[J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 2019, 50(9): 4148-4165.
90	WANG M, XU W, HAN Q Y. Study of refinement and morphology change of AlFeSi phase in A380 alloy due to addition of Ca, Sr/ Ca, Mn and Mn, Sr[J]. Materials Transactions, 2016, 57(9): 1509-1513.
91	OLIVEIRA R, KAKITANI R, RAMOS L R, et al. The roles of Mn and Ni additions to Fe-contaminated Al in neutralizing Fe and stabilizing the cellular α-Al microstructure[J]. Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy, 2019, 5(4): 561-580.
92	于国军. 铝合金中除铁及铁相变质研究[D]. 广州：华南理工大学, 2013.
	YU Guojun. Research on iron removal and metamorphism of iron phase in aluminum alloy[D]. Guangzhou: South China University of Technology, 2013.
93	KUCHARIKOVÁ L, MAZUR M, TILLOVÁ E, et al. Fracture behavior of the secondary A226 cast alloy with 0.9% Fe[J]. Procedia Structural Integrity, 2018, 13: 1577-1582.
94	XU Zhen, ZHANG Xinyu, WANG Hongbin, et al. Effect of Mn/Fe ratio on the microstructure and properties of 6061 sheets obtained by twin-roll cast[J]. Materials Characterization, 2020, 168: 110536.
95	YANG Wenchao, GAO Feng, JI Shouxun. Formation and sedimentation of Fe-rich intermetallics in Al-Si-Cu-Fe alloy[J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2015, 25(5): 1704-1714.
96	杨承志, 龙思远, 王朋, 等. 硼化物和锶对再生Al-Si合金中富铁相的影响[J]. 材料热处理学报, 2016, 37(1): 34-39.
	YANG C Z, LONG S Y, WANG P, et al. Effect of B compounds and Sr on Fe-rich intermetallics in secondary Al-Si alloy[J]. Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment, 2016, 37(1): 34-39.
97	唐鹏. 富铁铝合金细化变质及沉降行为的研究[D]. 广州: 华南理工大学, 2017.
	TANG Peng. Study on refinement, metamorphism and settlement behavior of Fe-rich aluminum alloy[D]. Guangzhou: South China University of Technology, 2017.
98	RODRÍGUEZ S H, GOYTIA REYES R E, DWIVEDI D K, et al. The effect of Al-5Ti-1B on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-12Si-xFe alloy[J]. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 2012, 27(6): 599-604.
99	LIN Chong, WU Shusen, Shulin LÜ, et al. Effects of ultrasonic vibration and manganese on microstructure and mechanical properties of hypereutectic Al-Si alloys with 2%Fe[J]. Intermetallics, 2013, 32(1): 176-183.
100	ZHAO Y L, SONG D F, LIN B, et al. 3D characterization of ultrasonic melt processing on the microstructural refinement of Al-Cu alloys using synchrotron X-ray tomography[J]. Materials Characterization, 2019, 153: 354-365.
101	KOTADIA H R, QIAN M, DAS A. Microstructural modification of recycled aluminium alloys by high-intensity ultrasonication: Observations from custom Al-2Si-2Mg-1.2Fe-(0.5,1.0)Mn alloys[J]. Journal of Alloys & Compounds, 2020, 823: 153833.
102	ZHONG Gu, WU Shusen, AN Ping, et al. Microstructure and properties of high silicon aluminum alloy with 2% Fe prepared by rheo-casting[J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2010, 20(9): 1603-1607.
103	ZHANG Y B, KATERYNA S, LI T J. Effect of ultrasonic treatment on formation of iron-containing intermetallic compounds in Al-Si alloys[J]. China Foundry, 2016, 13(5): 316-321.
104	夏峰, 闫志义, 梁民宪, 等. 熔体超声处理对Al-Si合金组织和力学性能的影响[J]. 热加工工艺, 2021, 50(3): 60-63.
	XIA Feng, YAN Zhiyi, LIANG Minxian, et al. Effect of melt ultrasonic treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Si alloy[J]. Hot Working Technology, 2021, 50(3): 60-63.
105	马世旋. 钨对A356铝合金富铁相形貌的影响[D]. 太原: 中北大学, 2020.
	MA Shixuan. Effect of modification of W on the morphology of iron-rich phase of A356 aluminum alloy[D]. Taiyuan: North University of China, 2020.
106	LIN C, WU S S, ZHONG G, et al. Effect of ultrasonic vibration on Fe-containing intermetallic compounds of hypereutectic Al-Si alloys with high Fe content[J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2013, 23(5): 1245-1252.
107	ZHANG Yubo, Jinchuan JIE, GAO Yuan, et.al. Effects of ultrasonic treatment on the formation of iron-containing intermetallic compounds in Al-12%Si-2%Fe alloys[J]. Intermetallics, 2013, 42: 120-125.
108	SAGHAFIAN H, SHABESTARI S G, GHADAMI S, et al. Effects of iron, manganese, and cooling rate on microstructure and dry sliding wear behavior of LM13 aluminum alloy[J]. Tribology Transactions, 2017, 60(5): 888-901.
109	张海锋, 陈琴. 改性3003铝合金中粗大金属间化合物的形成机理及解决措施[J]. 机械工程材料, 2018, 42(2): 47-51, 57.
	ZHANG H F, CHEN Q. Formation mechanism and solutions of coarse intermetallic compound in modified 3003 aluminum alloy[J]. Materials for Mechanical Engineering, 2018, 42(2): 47-51, 57.
110	CINKILIC E, RIDGEWAY C D, YAN X, et al. A formation map of iron-containing intermetallic phases in recycled cast aluminum alloys[J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 2019, 50(12): 5945-5956.
111	LIU Y, LUO L, HAN C, et al. Effect of Fe, Si and cooling rate on the formation of Fe-and Mn-rich intermetallics in Al-5Mg-0.8Mn alloy[J]. Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 2016, 32(4): 305-312.
112	FARINA M E, BELL P, FRIC C R, et al. Effects of solidification rate in the microstructure of Al-Si5Cu3 aluminum cast alloy[J]. Materials Research, 2017, 20(S2): 273-278.
113	SOHAIL M, SHUBHAM G, DEJIANG L, et al. Cyclic deformation behavior of a heat-treated die-cast Al-Mg-Si-based aluminum alloy[J]. Materials, 2020, 13(18):4115.
114	WU X, ZHANG H, MA Z, et al. Interactions between Fe-rich intermetallics and Mg-Si phase in Al-7Si-xMg alloys[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2019, 786: 205-214.
115	LIU H B, SU H G, FU D F, et al. Phase evolution in AlSi20/8009 aluminum alloy during high temperature heating near melting point and cooling processes[J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2020, 30(5): 1157-1168.
116	SONG D F, WANG S C, ZHAO Y L, et al. Effect of melt holding on morphological evolution and sedimentation behavior of iron-rich intermetallic phases in Al-Si-Fe-Mn-Mg alloy[J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2020, 30(1): 1-13.
117	PEREIRA L H, ASATO G H, OTANI L B, et al. Changing the solidification sequence and the morphology of iron-containing intermetallic phases in AA6061 aluminum alloy processed by spray forming[J]. Materials Characterization, 2018, 145: 507-515.
118	IRIZALP S G, SAKLAKOGLU N. Effect of Fe-rich intermetallics on the microstructure and mechanical properties of thixoformed A380 aluminum alloy[J]. Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, 2014, 17(2): 58-62.
119	LIN Chong, WU Shusen, Shulin LYU,et, al. Influence of high pressure and manganese addition on Fe-rich phases and mechanical properties of hypereutectic Al-Si alloy with rheo-squeeze casting[J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2019, 29(2): 253-262.
28	BJURENSTEDT A, GHASSEMALI E, SEIFEDDINE S, et al. The effect of Fe-rich intermetallics on crack initiation in cast aluminium: an in-situ tensile study[J]. Materials Science & Engineering, 2019, 756: 502-507.
29	佘欢. Fe、Si杂质对7055铝合金组织与力学性能的影响[D]. 上海: 上海交通大学, 2017.
	SHE Huan. Influence of Fe and Si impurities on microstructures and mechanical properties of 7055 aluminum alloy[D]. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2017.
30	林波, 张卫文, 牛嘉运, 等. 铸造Al-Cu合金中富铁相对拉伸断裂行为的影响[J]. 稀有金属, 2017, 41(3): 225-232.
	LIN B, ZHANG W W, NIU J Y, et al. Tensile fracture behavior of Al-Cu cast alloys with iron-rich intermetallic[J]. Chinese Journal of Rare Metals, 2017, 41(3): 225-232.
31	LIU Chaofeng, JIAO Xiangyi, NISHAT H, et al. Characteristics of Fe-rich intermetallics compounds and their influence on the cracking behavior of a newly developed high-pressure die cast Al-4Mg-2Fe alloy[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2020, 854: 157121.
32	HU K, LIN C H, XIA S C, et al. Effect of Fe content on low cycle fatigue behavior of squeeze cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys[J]. Materials Characterization, 2020, 170: 110680.
33	郑成坤. 压力和铁含量对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金低周疲劳行为的影响[D]. 广州: 华南理工大学, 2015.
	ZHENG Chengkun. The effect of pressure and Fe content on low cycle fatigue behaviour of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy[D]. Guangzhou: South China University of Technology, 2015.
34	ZÁVODSKÁ D, KUCHARIKOVÁ L, TILLOVÁ E, et al. The effect of iron content on fatigue lifetime of AlZn10Si8Mg cast alloy[J]. International Journal of Fatigue, 2019, 128: 105189.
35	TAGHIABADI R, GHASEMI H M. Dry sliding wear behaviour of hypoeutectic Al-Si alloys containing excess iron[J]. Materials Science & Technology, 2013, 25(8): 1017-1022.
36	WANG Qiuping, LU Lu, ZHOU Rongfeng, et al. Microstructures and wear behavior of the rheo-squeeze casting high silicon aluminium alloys pipe with the gradient structure[J]. Materials Research Express, 2018, 5(10): 106505.
37	李妮, 董超芳, 满成, 等. 金属间化合物对铝合金表面点蚀行为与钝化膜结构的影响研究[C]//第十届全国腐蚀大会.中国腐蚀与防护学会, 2019.
	LI Ni, DONG Chaofang, MAN Cheng, et, al. Effect of intermetallic compounds on pitting behavior of aluminum alloy surface and structure of passivated film[C]//. The 10th National Corrosion Conference. Chinese Society for Corrosion and Protection, 2019.
38	LERVIK A, DANBOLT T, FURU T, et, al. Comparing intergranular corrosion in Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloys with and without α-Al(Fe,Mn,Cu)Si particles[J]. Materials and Corrosion,2020,72(3): 1-10.
39	SEKHAR A P, SAMADDAR A, MANDAL A B, et al. Influence of ageing on the intergranular corrosion of an Al-Mg-Si alloy[J]. Metals and Materials International, 2020. DOI: 10.1007/s12540-020-00843-1.
40	ZOU Y C, YAN H, YU B B, et al. Effect of rare earth Yb on microstructure and corrosion resistance of ADC12 aluminum alloy[J]. Intermetallics, 2019, 110: 106487.
41	SUN Y W, PAN Q L, SUN Y Q, et al. Localized corrosion behavior associated with Al₇Cu₂Fe intermetallic in Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr alloy[J]. Journal of Alloys & Compounds, 2019, 783: 329-340.
42	王力, 董超芳, 张达威, 等. 合金元素对铝合金在泰国曼谷地区初期腐蚀行为的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2020, 56(1): 119-128.
	WANG L, DONG C F, ZHANG D W, et al. Effect of alloying elements on initial corrosion behavior of aluminum alloy in bangkok, Thailand[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 2020, 56(1): 119-128.
43	LIANG M X, MELCHERS R. Two years pitting corrosion of AA5005-H34 aluminium alloy immersed in natural seawater: morphology characterisation[J]. Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology, 2020, 55(8): 696-707.
44	孙业赞, 于敞, 厉松春, 等.铁在铝硅合金中存在的形态及其作用分析[J]. 铸造, 1998(7): 44-48.
	SUN Yezan, YU Chang, LI Songchun, et, al. The morphology of iron in Al-Si alloy and its action analysis[J]. Foundry, 1998(7): 44-48.
45	LU L, DAHLE A K. Iron-rich intermetallic phases and their role in casting defect formation in hypoeutectic Al-Si alloys[J]. Metallurgical & Materials Transactions A, 2005, 36(13): 819-835.

[1]	CHEN Qizhi, ZHOU Yilin, LIU Zuohua, CHEN Nanxiong, YANG Yong, WEI Hongjun, TONG Zhangfa. Manganese ore leaching and iron removal intensified by variable frequency rigid-flexible stirred reactor [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(6): 3083-3090.
[2]	CHENG Gang，CHEN Lei，LIU Xiangpu，SHEN Zhe，DONG Yuming，LAN Jianzheng. Industrial application of decalcifying agent in the decalcification process for Sudan crude [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progree, 2006, 25(3): 343-.