Abstract:

Direct methanol fuel cells(DMFC) have become ideal new energy device to replace fossil energy supply due to their high efficiency and cleanliness. As an important part of the DMFC, the catalyst can reduce the reaction activation energy to solve the problem of high over-potential required for methanol electrooxidation. However, the current DMFC anode catalyst has problems such as low catalytic activity, poor anti-CO toxicity, and high cost, which limit the commercialization of DMFC. This article introduces the principle of catalytic electro-oxidation of methanol. The research progress of DMFC anode catalysts at home and abroad is reviewed from three aspects: Pt-based catalysts, non-Pt-based catalysts, and catalyst supports. Besides, four methods to improve the performance and reduce the cost of the catalyst are introduced, namely selecting appropriate crystal face, adding co-catalyst, preparation of catalyst with special morphology, and selecting the appropriate support. The principle that the catalyst improves catalytic activity and anti-CO toxicity through these three aspects is described. The catalytic activity of methanol on the Pt(100) crystal surface is good, but the anti-CO toxicity is weak. The Pt-M alloy catalyst prepared based on the dual function theory and electronic modulation theory, has high resistance to CO toxicity and methanol catalytic activity. The preparation of non-Pt-based catalysts provides research direction for cost reduction. Choosing a suitable catalyst support has also become an important solution to the problems of easy poisoning, low activity and high cost by taking advantages of the interaction between the support and the catalyst.

Key words: electrochemistry, fuel cell, anode catalyst, catalyst support, catalyst activity, anti-CO toxicity

摘要：

直接甲醇燃料电池（direct methanol fuel cells, DMFC）由于其高效、清洁等优点，成为替代化石能源的理想新能源装置。催化剂作为DMFC中重要的组成部分，通过降低反应活化能，解决甲醇需要高过电势才能被电氧化的问题。但是目前DMFC阳极催化剂存在催化活性低、抗CO毒性差以及成本较高等问题，限制了DMFC的商业化。本文介绍了甲醇的催化电氧化原理，从Pt基催化剂、非Pt基催化剂、催化剂载体三个方面对DMFC阳极催化剂国内外研究进展进行了综述。介绍了通过选择合适晶面、添加助催化剂、制备特殊形貌、选择合适的载体4种方法对提高催化剂性能、降低催化剂成本的研究现状。甲醇在Pt（100）晶面上的催化活性较好但是抗CO毒性较弱；根据双功能理论和电子调变理论，制备的Pt-M合金催化剂具有更高的抗CO毒性和甲醇催化活性；非Pt基催化剂的制备为降低催化剂成本提供了研究思路；选择合适的催化剂载体，利用载体与催化剂之间的相互作用，也成为解决DMFC阳极催化剂目前面临的易中毒、活性低、成本高等问题的解决方法。

关键词: 电化学, 燃料电池, 阳极催化剂, 催化剂载体, 催化剂活性, 抗CO毒性