Abstract:

Flame synthesis refers to the reaction of precursors in burners to obtain nanoparticle products after combustion with a series of complex physical processes and chemical reactions which involve phase changes, particle growth, heat transfer and mass transfer. It has the advantage of one-step production and is an important modern industrial scale approach for preparing high performance materials. Exploring the flame synthesis process is the key to achieve particle product modulation, therefore, this work analyzed the key parts of the process, such as the precursors, burners, particles, etc. In line with these, the growth and transformation of particles, the structure of different burners, and the characteristics of temperature field and flow field were described. The characteristics of particle size and crystal form of TiO₂ nanoparticles synthesized by different burners were analyzed. The basic research on the growth mechanism and morphology regulation of particles from the flame synthesis was of guiding significance for the industrial preparation of TiO₂ particles.

Key words: flame synthesis, nanomaterials, titanium dioxide, burner

摘要：

火焰合成法是指前驱物在燃烧器中经过一系列复杂的物理化学反应过程得到产物纳米颗粒的方法，具有一步合成的优点，是现代工业规模化制备高性能材料的一种重要方法。火焰合成过程机理涉及物质的相态变化、颗粒生长团聚和热量质量交换等复杂过程，探究火焰合成过程是实现产物颗粒调控的关键。本文对火焰合成过程中的关键部分，如前驱物、为合成过程提供高温氧化环境的燃烧器、产物颗粒等进行分析，阐述了火焰气溶胶技术中颗粒的生长及转变路径、不同燃烧器的结构及其温度场、流场特点，并分析了不同燃烧器合成的纳米TiO₂进行了粒径及晶型特点的研究进展。指出火焰合成TiO₂生长机理和形态调控的基础研究对工业制备钛白粉具有指导意义。

关键词: 火焰合成, 纳米材料, 二氧化钛, 燃烧器