Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (10): 5660-5669.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-2065
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Progress and improvement of inorganic polymer coagulant based on solid waste
LIU Dingyi1,2(
), WANG Bingyu1,2,3, LI Shulin1,2, XIE Huifang1,2()
- 1.School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
2.Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
3.State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
-
Received:2020-10-13Revised:2021-01-05Online:2021-10-25Published:2021-10-10 -
Contact:XIE Huifang
固废基无机高分子混凝剂研究进展及改进途径
刘丁仪1,2(), 王冰玉1,2,3, 李姝霖1,2, 谢慧芳1,2()
- 1.南京理工大学环境与生物工程学院，江苏 南京 210094
2.南京理工大学化工污染控制与资源化江苏省高校
1.重点实验室，江苏 南京 210094，南京大学污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室，江苏 南京 210023
-
通讯作者:谢慧芳 -
作者简介:刘丁仪（1996—），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为废水处理技术。E-mail：791325518@qq.com 。 -
基金资助:中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(3092002118);中国博士后科学基金(2020M68618);污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室开放基金(PCRRF19022)
CLC Number:
Cite this article
LIU Dingyi, WANG Bingyu, LI Shulin, XIE Huifang. Progress and improvement of inorganic polymer coagulant based on solid waste[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(10): 5660-5669.
刘丁仪, 王冰玉, 李姝霖, 谢慧芳. 固废基无机高分子混凝剂研究进展及改进途径[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(10): 5660-5669.
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| 原料 | 主要成分含量 | 制备工艺及主要参数 | 应用效果 | 参考文献 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 煤矸石、钢渣 | 煤矸石：A12O3 20.7%，Fe2O3 4.1% 钢渣：A12O3 4.9%，Fe2O3 28.5% | （1）酸浸：1∶1混酸（HCl+HNO3），70~80℃，5h （2）滤液+NaOH调pH=3~4 （3）聚合浓缩 | 印染废水，色度去除率>90%，COD去除率>85%；生活污水：色度和浊度去除率>90% | ［ |
| 煤矸石、钢渣 | 煤矸石：A12O3 22.39%，Fe2O3 4.15%，SiO2 6.98% 钢渣：A12O3 4.98%，Fe2O3 22.63%，SiO2 17.88% | （1）焙烧 （2）酸溶：盐酸110℃ （3）滤液用CaCO3调pH | 洗煤废水，添加助凝剂聚丙烯酰胺，COD去除率98.82%，浊度去除率99.84% | ［ |
| 煤矸石、磁铁矿 | 煤矸石：A12O3 20.16%，Fe2O3 12.44%，SiO2 57.15% | （1）焙烧：800℃，1h （2）酸溶：25%HCl，110℃，2h （3）加CaCO3，调pH≈3 （4）聚合 | 煤泥水，上清液透光率 >90% | ［ |
| 粉煤灰、铝酸钙 | — | （1）酸浸：20%HCl，液固比3mL/g，95℃，回流2h （2）盐基度调整：0.2g/mL铝酸钙，85℃ | — | ［ |
| 粉煤灰、炼铁矿渣 | 粉煤灰：A12O3 17.65%，Fe2O3 3.27%， SiO2 24.34% 炼铁矿渣：A12O3 4.36%，Fe2O3 12.90%， SiO2 13.43% | （1）酸浸：5mol/L HCl，液固比3mL/g，85℃，2h （2）水解聚合：Al/Fe（物质的量之比）= 1∶0.66，加NaOH调碱化度B=3，加NaClO3，80℃，2h （3）陈化：30℃，12h | 煤泥水，上清液透光率95%；投加量为100mg/L时，与PAC相比，透光率提高22.6% | ［ |
| 高炉灰、铝渣 | 高炉灰：Fe 40.18%，Al 3.85%， Si 5.79% 铝渣：Al 94.36%，Si 1.83% | （1）酸浸：高炉灰（加NaF、HNO3，18%HCl，液固比3mL/g，90℃，3h）和铝渣（18%HCl，液固比15mL/g，室温，2.5h） （2）共聚：Al/Fe=7∶3，加NaOH调碱化度 B=1.8，60~70℃，铝预聚1.0h，加铝铁共聚3.0h | 高岭土和活性红染料模拟水样，浊度去除率>98%，色度去除率>75%；投加量为5mL/g时，与PAC相比，除浊率提高12.5%；投加量50mg/L时，脱色率提高15.1% | ［ |
| 高岭土 | A12O3 35.12%，Fe2O3 6.42%，SiO2 51.12% | （1）焙烧：750℃，2.5h （2）酸溶：20%HCl，液固比6mL/g，90℃，2.5h （3）聚合：加H2O2，NaOH调pH=4，60℃，2h （4）熟化24h，浓缩 | 高岭土模拟水样，浊度去除率93.32%，COD去除率82.10%，色度去除率71% | ［ |
| 高岭土尾矿 | — | （1）煅烧：650℃，2h （2）酸溶：15%HCl，固液比1∶3，85℃，2h （3）聚合：加CaO调盐基度，55℃，10h （4）浓缩：旋转蒸发 | 碱减量车间废水COD去除率90%；卷染废水COD去除率80%；生化出水COD去除率78% | ［ |
| 拜尔赤泥 | O 37.12%，Fe 35.61%， Al 11.33%，Si 5.16% | （1）焙烧：550℃，4h，研磨 （2）二次酸浸：6mol HCl，液固比5mL/g，90℃，1.5h （3）聚合：加NaOH （4）静置陈化，烘干 | 市政污水：浊度、COD、总磷（TP）和磷酸盐去除率分别为66.9%、52.1%、73.8%和77.7%；投加量为200mg/L时，与PAC相比，浊度、COD去除率分别提高6.5%和11.8%，TP和磷酸盐去除效果相当 | ［ |
| 原料 | 主要成分含量 | 制备工艺及主要参数 | 应用效果 | 参考文献 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 煤矸石、钢渣 | 煤矸石：A12O3 20.7%，Fe2O3 4.1% 钢渣：A12O3 4.9%，Fe2O3 28.5% | （1）酸浸：1∶1混酸（HCl+HNO3），70~80℃，5h （2）滤液+NaOH调pH=3~4 （3）聚合浓缩 | 印染废水，色度去除率>90%，COD去除率>85%；生活污水：色度和浊度去除率>90% | ［ |
| 煤矸石、钢渣 | 煤矸石：A12O3 22.39%，Fe2O3 4.15%，SiO2 6.98% 钢渣：A12O3 4.98%，Fe2O3 22.63%，SiO2 17.88% | （1）焙烧 （2）酸溶：盐酸110℃ （3）滤液用CaCO3调pH | 洗煤废水，添加助凝剂聚丙烯酰胺，COD去除率98.82%，浊度去除率99.84% | ［ |
| 煤矸石、磁铁矿 | 煤矸石：A12O3 20.16%，Fe2O3 12.44%，SiO2 57.15% | （1）焙烧：800℃，1h （2）酸溶：25%HCl，110℃，2h （3）加CaCO3，调pH≈3 （4）聚合 | 煤泥水，上清液透光率 >90% | ［ |
| 粉煤灰、铝酸钙 | — | （1）酸浸：20%HCl，液固比3mL/g，95℃，回流2h （2）盐基度调整：0.2g/mL铝酸钙，85℃ | — | ［ |
| 粉煤灰、炼铁矿渣 | 粉煤灰：A12O3 17.65%，Fe2O3 3.27%， SiO2 24.34% 炼铁矿渣：A12O3 4.36%，Fe2O3 12.90%， SiO2 13.43% | （1）酸浸：5mol/L HCl，液固比3mL/g，85℃，2h （2）水解聚合：Al/Fe（物质的量之比）= 1∶0.66，加NaOH调碱化度B=3，加NaClO3，80℃，2h （3）陈化：30℃，12h | 煤泥水，上清液透光率95%；投加量为100mg/L时，与PAC相比，透光率提高22.6% | ［ |
| 高炉灰、铝渣 | 高炉灰：Fe 40.18%，Al 3.85%， Si 5.79% 铝渣：Al 94.36%，Si 1.83% | （1）酸浸：高炉灰（加NaF、HNO3，18%HCl，液固比3mL/g，90℃，3h）和铝渣（18%HCl，液固比15mL/g，室温，2.5h） （2）共聚：Al/Fe=7∶3，加NaOH调碱化度 B=1.8，60~70℃，铝预聚1.0h，加铝铁共聚3.0h | 高岭土和活性红染料模拟水样，浊度去除率>98%，色度去除率>75%；投加量为5mL/g时，与PAC相比，除浊率提高12.5%；投加量50mg/L时，脱色率提高15.1% | ［ |
| 高岭土 | A12O3 35.12%，Fe2O3 6.42%，SiO2 51.12% | （1）焙烧：750℃，2.5h （2）酸溶：20%HCl，液固比6mL/g，90℃，2.5h （3）聚合：加H2O2，NaOH调pH=4，60℃，2h （4）熟化24h，浓缩 | 高岭土模拟水样，浊度去除率93.32%，COD去除率82.10%，色度去除率71% | ［ |
| 高岭土尾矿 | — | （1）煅烧：650℃，2h （2）酸溶：15%HCl，固液比1∶3，85℃，2h （3）聚合：加CaO调盐基度，55℃，10h （4）浓缩：旋转蒸发 | 碱减量车间废水COD去除率90%；卷染废水COD去除率80%；生化出水COD去除率78% | ［ |
| 拜尔赤泥 | O 37.12%，Fe 35.61%， Al 11.33%，Si 5.16% | （1）焙烧：550℃，4h，研磨 （2）二次酸浸：6mol HCl，液固比5mL/g，90℃，1.5h （3）聚合：加NaOH （4）静置陈化，烘干 | 市政污水：浊度、COD、总磷（TP）和磷酸盐去除率分别为66.9%、52.1%、73.8%和77.7%；投加量为200mg/L时，与PAC相比，浊度、COD去除率分别提高6.5%和11.8%，TP和磷酸盐去除效果相当 | ［ |
| 原料 | 主要成分含量 | 制备工艺及主要参数 | 评价指标或应用效果 | 文献 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 赤铁矿 | — | （1）酸浸：H2SO4，70℃，20h （2）聚合：引入Al3+，105℃，6h，静置数天 | 黄河水，COD去除率>40%，浊度去除 率>99%；投加量为12mg/L时，与PAC相比，浊度、COD去除率分别提高0.6%和40% | ［ |
| 煤矸石 | A12O3 20.91%，Fe2O3 14.31%，SiO2 42.69% | （1）煅烧：850℃，3h （2）酸浸：H2SO4，铝浸出>80%，铁浸出98.6% （3）聚合：加硫酸铝和硫酸铁，Fe2O3/Al2O3=0.5，加1mol/L Na2CO3，调pH=0.8，80oC，6h （4）熟化24h | 高岭土模拟水样，浊度去除率97.3% | ［ |
| 煤矸石 | — | （1）煅烧：750℃，2h （2）酸浸：5.5mol/L H2SO4，90℃，4h，液固比3∶1 （3）聚合：Fe3++Al3+=0.6mol/L，Fe3+/Al3+= 10∶3，pH=0.8，60℃，7h （4）熟化24h | 洗煤废水：加聚丙稀酰胺，余浊<20NTU（1NTU=1mg/L白陶土悬浮体） | ［ |
| 赤泥 | Al 11.33%，Fe 35.61%，Si 5.16%，O 37.12% | （1）焙烧：550℃，4h （2）二次酸浸：35%H2SO4，90℃，2h，液固比5.5mL/g （3）聚合：用NaOH调pH （4）静置陈化、浓缩、烘干 | 生活污水：去浊率95.4%，TP去除率87.4%，COD去除率82.7%；在最佳投加量下，与PAC、聚合氯化铁相比，浊度去除率分别提高12.4%和13.2%；TP去除率分别提高1.9%和1.5%；与聚合氯化铁相比，COD去除率提高5.9% | ［ |
| 铝土浮选尾矿 | A12O3 43.278%，Fe2O3 10.960%，SiO2 28.265% | （1）焙烧：600℃，3h （2）酸浸：45%H2SO4，100℃，3h，液固比5 （3）聚合：加FeSO4、H2O2，20%NaOH调pH=1，85~90℃，4h | 长江水浊度去除率97.23%；生活废水浊度、悬浮物（SS）和COD去除率分别为94.14%、86.85%和26.95%；焦化废水浊度、色度和COD去除率分别为92.35%、63.79%和42.09% | ［ |
| 原料 | 主要成分含量 | 制备工艺及主要参数 | 评价指标或应用效果 | 文献 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 赤铁矿 | — | （1）酸浸：H2SO4，70℃，20h （2）聚合：引入Al3+，105℃，6h，静置数天 | 黄河水，COD去除率>40%，浊度去除 率>99%；投加量为12mg/L时，与PAC相比，浊度、COD去除率分别提高0.6%和40% | ［ |
| 煤矸石 | A12O3 20.91%，Fe2O3 14.31%，SiO2 42.69% | （1）煅烧：850℃，3h （2）酸浸：H2SO4，铝浸出>80%，铁浸出98.6% （3）聚合：加硫酸铝和硫酸铁，Fe2O3/Al2O3=0.5，加1mol/L Na2CO3，调pH=0.8，80oC，6h （4）熟化24h | 高岭土模拟水样，浊度去除率97.3% | ［ |
| 煤矸石 | — | （1）煅烧：750℃，2h （2）酸浸：5.5mol/L H2SO4，90℃，4h，液固比3∶1 （3）聚合：Fe3++Al3+=0.6mol/L，Fe3+/Al3+= 10∶3，pH=0.8，60℃，7h （4）熟化24h | 洗煤废水：加聚丙稀酰胺，余浊<20NTU（1NTU=1mg/L白陶土悬浮体） | ［ |
| 赤泥 | Al 11.33%，Fe 35.61%，Si 5.16%，O 37.12% | （1）焙烧：550℃，4h （2）二次酸浸：35%H2SO4，90℃，2h，液固比5.5mL/g （3）聚合：用NaOH调pH （4）静置陈化、浓缩、烘干 | 生活污水：去浊率95.4%，TP去除率87.4%，COD去除率82.7%；在最佳投加量下，与PAC、聚合氯化铁相比，浊度去除率分别提高12.4%和13.2%；TP去除率分别提高1.9%和1.5%；与聚合氯化铁相比，COD去除率提高5.9% | ［ |
| 铝土浮选尾矿 | A12O3 43.278%，Fe2O3 10.960%，SiO2 28.265% | （1）焙烧：600℃，3h （2）酸浸：45%H2SO4，100℃，3h，液固比5 （3）聚合：加FeSO4、H2O2，20%NaOH调pH=1，85~90℃，4h | 长江水浊度去除率97.23%；生活废水浊度、悬浮物（SS）和COD去除率分别为94.14%、86.85%和26.95%；焦化废水浊度、色度和COD去除率分别为92.35%、63.79%和42.09% | ［ |
| 原料 | 主要成分含量 | 制备工艺及主要参数 | 应用效果 | 文献 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 粉煤灰 | 物相：莫来石 Si 41.33%，Al 11.71%， Fe 4.63%，O 32.72% | （1）焙烧：加1∶1助溶剂（NaOH∶Na2O2∶B2O3=5∶3∶2（质量比），900℃，30min （2）酸浸：20%HCl，60min，Al3+、Fe3+溶液 （3）碱浸滤渣：20%NaOH，80℃，90min，用HCl调pH=5，得PSi （4）共聚：将Al3+、Fe3+溶液加入PSi，熟化25min | 高岭土模拟水样，浊度去除率95%；湖水，COD去除率72%；印染废水脱色94%；投加量为3mL时，与市售聚硅酸氯化铝铁、PAFC和PAC相比，浊度去除率分别提高13.6%、17.9%和31.4%；与市售聚硅酸氯化铝铁、PAFC和PAC相比，COD去除率分别提高2.9%、20.7%和34.6%；与市售聚硅酸氯化铝铁、PAFC和PAC相比，脱色率分别提高13.8%、21.3%和23% | ［ |
| 粉煤灰 | SiO2 46.87%，A12O3 20.63%，Fe2O3 6.62% | （1）酸浸：4mol/L H2SO4，固液比1∶2，微沸，5h，得Al3+、Fe3+滤液 （2）滤渣：干燥，加0.5mol/L NaOH，固液比 1∶2.5，微沸，4.7h，热水洗涤，得Na2SiO3溶液 （3）聚合：Al3+、Fe3+滤液水解（沸腾，2h）+硅酸钠［50℃，（Al+Fe）/Si=12∶1或16∶1］+4mol/L NaOH （4）老化：50℃，3h | 含油废水：去浊率约95%，COD去除率约50% | ［ |
| 粉煤灰 | 物相：石英、石灰及莫来石 SiO2 55.21%，A12O3 19.15%，Fe2O3 3.646% | （1）焙烧：加NaOH，碱灰比1.2，750℃，1.5h （2）酸溶解，PSi：2mol/L HCl，液固比15mL/g，常温溶解（pH<2），静置15min （3）共聚熟化：加AlCl3和FeCl3，Si/Al=1∶0.9，Si/Fe=1∶0.3，pH=2，80℃，2.5h （4）真空干燥，60℃ | 洗煤废水：COD去除率95.7%、氨氮去除率94.2%、剩余浊度17NTU | ［ |
| 粉煤灰 | SiO2 38.84%，A12O3 23.73%，Fe2O3 5.70% | （1）煅烧，800℃，2h （2）酸浸：20%HCl，105~108℃，得Al3+、Fe3+滤液 （3）滤渣：干燥，加NaOH，得Na2SiO3溶液 （4）PSi：向Na2SiO3溶液中加入2mol/L HCl至pH=4.2，老化20min （5）聚合：Al3+、Fe3+滤液水解（加FeCl3）加入PSi中，Al/Fe=3∶1，（Al+Fe）/Si=13∶1 （6）老化：30℃，10h | 焦化生化出水：色度、COD去除率分别为78%和54.3%，UV254为50.1% | ［ |
| 高炉渣 | SiO2 36.77%，A12O3 8.86%，Fe2O3 0.94% | （1）酸浸：6mol/L H2SO4，60min，Al3+、Fe3+滤液 （2）碱浸滤渣：5.5mol/L NaOH，5min，Na2SiO3溶液 （3）硅酸聚合：加6mol/L H2SO4，pH=1，PSi （4）共聚：将Al3+、Fe3+滤液与PSi混合， （Al+Fe）/Si=0.53，pH=1，60℃熟化0.5h | 焦化废水：浊度去除率98.9%，COD去除率74.5%。投加量为4mL/L时，与PAFC、PFS和焦化废水处理中常用混凝剂M180相比，浊度去除率分别提高21%、25.6%和6.5%；与PAFC、PFS和M180相比，COD去除率分别提高66.7%、63.0%和19.0% | ［ |
| 黄磷炉渣 | SiO2 40.65%，A12O3 2.58%，Fe2O3 0.71% | （1）酸浸：25%HNO3，液固比18∶1，70℃，70min （2）PSi：50℃，90min （3）共聚：先加入Al2（SO4）3，5min后加Fe2（SO4）3，（Al+Fe）/Si=1，Al/Fe=1.5，55℃，80min （3）陈化：55℃，2h后调pH=1~2 | 滇池水：浊度去除率98.93%，COD去除率85.50%，TN（总氮）去除率45.47%，但TP升高65.36% | ［ |
| 秸秆灰渣 | 焦块、渣粉、较细渣粉、细渣粉 SiO2 62.5%~75.5%，A12O3 4.29%~11.90%，Fe2O3 3.85%~4.91% | （1）焙烧：加助溶剂 （2）酸浸：加HCl，得滤液Ⅰ （3）滤渣碱浸：加NaOH，调pH，得滤液Ⅱ （4）Ⅰ+Ⅱ共聚，陈化 | 模拟印染废水：脱色>90%。城市污水：COD去除和脱色>92% | ［ |
| 原料 | 主要成分含量 | 制备工艺及主要参数 | 应用效果 | 文献 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 粉煤灰 | 物相：莫来石 Si 41.33%，Al 11.71%， Fe 4.63%，O 32.72% | （1）焙烧：加1∶1助溶剂（NaOH∶Na2O2∶B2O3=5∶3∶2（质量比），900℃，30min （2）酸浸：20%HCl，60min，Al3+、Fe3+溶液 （3）碱浸滤渣：20%NaOH，80℃，90min，用HCl调pH=5，得PSi （4）共聚：将Al3+、Fe3+溶液加入PSi，熟化25min | 高岭土模拟水样，浊度去除率95%；湖水，COD去除率72%；印染废水脱色94%；投加量为3mL时，与市售聚硅酸氯化铝铁、PAFC和PAC相比，浊度去除率分别提高13.6%、17.9%和31.4%；与市售聚硅酸氯化铝铁、PAFC和PAC相比，COD去除率分别提高2.9%、20.7%和34.6%；与市售聚硅酸氯化铝铁、PAFC和PAC相比，脱色率分别提高13.8%、21.3%和23% | ［ |
| 粉煤灰 | SiO2 46.87%，A12O3 20.63%，Fe2O3 6.62% | （1）酸浸：4mol/L H2SO4，固液比1∶2，微沸，5h，得Al3+、Fe3+滤液 （2）滤渣：干燥，加0.5mol/L NaOH，固液比 1∶2.5，微沸，4.7h，热水洗涤，得Na2SiO3溶液 （3）聚合：Al3+、Fe3+滤液水解（沸腾，2h）+硅酸钠［50℃，（Al+Fe）/Si=12∶1或16∶1］+4mol/L NaOH （4）老化：50℃，3h | 含油废水：去浊率约95%，COD去除率约50% | ［ |
| 粉煤灰 | 物相：石英、石灰及莫来石 SiO2 55.21%，A12O3 19.15%，Fe2O3 3.646% | （1）焙烧：加NaOH，碱灰比1.2，750℃，1.5h （2）酸溶解，PSi：2mol/L HCl，液固比15mL/g，常温溶解（pH<2），静置15min （3）共聚熟化：加AlCl3和FeCl3，Si/Al=1∶0.9，Si/Fe=1∶0.3，pH=2，80℃，2.5h （4）真空干燥，60℃ | 洗煤废水：COD去除率95.7%、氨氮去除率94.2%、剩余浊度17NTU | ［ |
| 粉煤灰 | SiO2 38.84%，A12O3 23.73%，Fe2O3 5.70% | （1）煅烧，800℃，2h （2）酸浸：20%HCl，105~108℃，得Al3+、Fe3+滤液 （3）滤渣：干燥，加NaOH，得Na2SiO3溶液 （4）PSi：向Na2SiO3溶液中加入2mol/L HCl至pH=4.2，老化20min （5）聚合：Al3+、Fe3+滤液水解（加FeCl3）加入PSi中，Al/Fe=3∶1，（Al+Fe）/Si=13∶1 （6）老化：30℃，10h | 焦化生化出水：色度、COD去除率分别为78%和54.3%，UV254为50.1% | ［ |
| 高炉渣 | SiO2 36.77%，A12O3 8.86%，Fe2O3 0.94% | （1）酸浸：6mol/L H2SO4，60min，Al3+、Fe3+滤液 （2）碱浸滤渣：5.5mol/L NaOH，5min，Na2SiO3溶液 （3）硅酸聚合：加6mol/L H2SO4，pH=1，PSi （4）共聚：将Al3+、Fe3+滤液与PSi混合， （Al+Fe）/Si=0.53，pH=1，60℃熟化0.5h | 焦化废水：浊度去除率98.9%，COD去除率74.5%。投加量为4mL/L时，与PAFC、PFS和焦化废水处理中常用混凝剂M180相比，浊度去除率分别提高21%、25.6%和6.5%；与PAFC、PFS和M180相比，COD去除率分别提高66.7%、63.0%和19.0% | ［ |
| 黄磷炉渣 | SiO2 40.65%，A12O3 2.58%，Fe2O3 0.71% | （1）酸浸：25%HNO3，液固比18∶1，70℃，70min （2）PSi：50℃，90min （3）共聚：先加入Al2（SO4）3，5min后加Fe2（SO4）3，（Al+Fe）/Si=1，Al/Fe=1.5，55℃，80min （3）陈化：55℃，2h后调pH=1~2 | 滇池水：浊度去除率98.93%，COD去除率85.50%，TN（总氮）去除率45.47%，但TP升高65.36% | ［ |
| 秸秆灰渣 | 焦块、渣粉、较细渣粉、细渣粉 SiO2 62.5%~75.5%，A12O3 4.29%~11.90%，Fe2O3 3.85%~4.91% | （1）焙烧：加助溶剂 （2）酸浸：加HCl，得滤液Ⅰ （3）滤渣碱浸：加NaOH，调pH，得滤液Ⅱ （4）Ⅰ+Ⅱ共聚，陈化 | 模拟印染废水：脱色>90%。城市污水：COD去除和脱色>92% | ［ |
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