Advances in biohydrogen production from anaerobic co-fermentation of organic wastes

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-0450

Abstract

Abstract:

The consumption of fossil fuel and the emission of organic wastes have brought serious environmental problems, and the reuse of organic wastes for anaerobic biohydrogen production is sustainable and environmentally friendly. To overcome the limitation of low biohydrogen production due to unbalanced nutritional elements, toxicity and fewer kinds of microorganisms in single substrate anaerobic fermentation, anaerobic co-fermentation biohydrogen production technology has been developed using different types of substrates. However, there are still some problems such as unclear process mechanism and uncertain key technical parameters. This paper summarizes the necessities, advantages and impact factors of biohydrogen production from organic wastes by anaerobic co-fermentation, reviews the characteristics and ranges of key process parameters such as mixing ratio of different organic wastes, organic loading rate, fermentation temperature, hydraulic retention time, initial pH value, solid-liquid ratio, stirring and reactor, analyzes the hydrogen concentration in biogas and its production rate, pH value in fermentation liquor, ammonia nitrogen and volatile fatty acid and their composition of anaerobic co-fermentation systems with different organic wastes, and discusses the hydrogen-producing functional flora, its hydrogen-producing characteristics and the characteristics of unstable system microorganisms. Then the author points out some deficiencies in the current research, and finally puts forward the future research direction and application perspectives in the areas of substrate utilization and pretreatment, process mechanism, technology improvement and comprehensive evaluation. This review provides a basis for the research and application of biohydrogen production from organic wastes by anaerobic co-fermentation technology.

Key words: clean energy, hydrogen-producing microorganisms, organic wastes, anaerobic co-fermentation, mixing ratio, operational parameter, resource utilization

摘要：

化石燃料的消耗和有机废弃物的大量排放带来了严重的环境问题，而利用有机废弃物进行厌氧发酵制氢是可持续且环境友好的。为了克服单一底物厌氧发酵制氢存在的因营养元素不均衡、毒性抑制和微生物种类较少等导致氢气产率较低的局限性，不同类型的底物厌氧共发酵制氢技术得以开发，然而现阶段仍然存在过程机理不清楚和关键工艺参数不明确等问题。本文综述了有机废弃物厌氧共发酵制氢的必要性、优点及主要影响因素，归纳了不同有机废弃物混合比、有机负荷、发酵温度、水力停留时间、初始pH以及固液比、搅拌方式和反应器类型等关键工艺参数特征及其范围，分析比较了不同有机废弃物厌氧共发酵体系的氢气浓度及产率、发酵液pH、氨氮和挥发性脂肪酸及其组成等工艺特性，总结了产氢功能菌群及其产氢特性及不稳定系统特征微生物。随后指出了目前研究存在的一些不足，并对其在底物利用范围及其预处理、过程机理、技术完善及其综合评估等方面的研究与应用前景进行了展望，为有机废弃物厌氧共发酵制氢技术的研发与应用提供依据。

关键词: 清洁能源, 产氢菌, 有机废弃物, 厌氧共发酵, 混合比, 工艺参数, 资源化利用

CLC Number:

X705

Hong CHEN, Jun WU, Chen CHEN, Zhi TU, Li’e YU, Enzhe YANG, Min YANG, Benyi XIAO. Advances in biohydrogen production from anaerobic co-fermentation of organic wastes[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(1): 440-450.

陈宏, 吴军, 陈晨, 涂智, 禹丽娥, 杨恩喆, 杨敏, 肖本益. 有机废弃物厌氧共发酵制氢研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(1): 440-450.

Figures/Tables 3

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工艺参数						运行特性指标							参考文献
底物及混合比	反应器类型	发酵温度 /℃	有机负荷	初始 pH	HRT	发酵液pH	氨氮（N） /mg?L^-1	VFAs			氢气产率	氢气体积分数 /%
底物及混合比	反应器类型	发酵温度 /℃	有机负荷	初始 pH	HRT	发酵液pH	氨氮（N） /mg?L^-1	总含量	乙酸占比 /%	丁酸占比 /%	氢气产率	氢气体积分数 /%
食品废弃物∶市政污泥（3∶1，VS）	批次	35	20g VS·L^-1	6.0±0.1	—	—	—	9.71g·L^-1	45.31	49.12	174.6mL·（g VS_added）^-1	—	[9]
市政污泥∶黑麦草（30∶70，VS）	批次	37	12g VS·L^-1	7.0	—	—	—	900mg·Lp^-1①	79.00	15.00^①	60mL·（g VS_added）^-1	—	[10]
市政污泥∶杨树叶（20∶80，VS）	批次	37	10g VS·L^-1	7.0	—	5.51	—	115mg·（g VS_added）^-1①	75.00^①	18.00^①	37.8mL·（g VS_added）^-1	—	[11]
市政污泥∶草渣（3∶7，VS）	批次	37	10g VS·L^-1	7.0	—	6.01	44.64	13.1mmol·L^-1	95^①	—	45.6mL·（g VS_added）^-1	—	[14]
市政污泥∶废花卉（10∶90，VS）	批次	37	10g VS·L^-1	—	—	—	—	1400mg·L^-1①	56.90	30.00^①	39mL·（g VS_added）^-1	—	[16]
食品废弃物∶园林垃圾（10∶90，VS）	批次	70	8.5g VS·L^-1	—	—	—	—	—	优势^②	—	46±1mL·（g VS_added）^-1	—	[34]
食品废弃物∶市政污泥（80∶20，TS）	批次	37±1	25g TS·L^-1	7.21	—	6.12~6.51	683.20	281.84mg·（g VS）^-1	—	62.19	60.23mL·（g VS_added）^-1	62.40	[42]
食品废弃物∶厌氧污泥（54∶46，VS）	CSTR	55	39.6 g VS·（L·d）^-1	控制 5.0~5.5	0.8d	—	62.92±11.90	(4858±965.8)mg·L^-1	共占83.0~90.0		(76.8±0.7)mL·（g VS_added）^-1	54.5±5.6	[43]
食品废弃物∶市政污泥（80∶20，VS）	ASBR	35	42 g TCOD（L·d）^-1	7.0±0.1	72h	—	—	13.9g·L^-1	15.00	40.00	62.0mL·（g VS_added）^-1	50	[44]
食品废弃物∶活性污泥（1∶5，质量）	CSTR	37	14.6 kg VS·（m³·d）^-1	控制 5.54±0.02	3.0d	—	—	(8204±828)mg·L^-1	—	60.68^①	(8.6±4.8)L·（kg VS·d）^-1	18.40±6.3	[45]
土豆皮∶鸡粪（7∶3，VS）	批次	35±1	40g VS·L^-1	5.5	—	—	—	6338.01mg·L^-1	30.00^①	60.00^①	41.02mL·（g VS_added）^-1	37.29	[46]
食品废弃物∶鸡粪（50∶50，体积）	批次	35	940g VS·L^-1	7.0	—	—	—	0.8g·L^-1①	优势^②	—	120.97mL·（g COD)^-1	53.35	[47]
食品废弃物∶鸡粪（7∶3，体积）	批次	35	—	7.0	—	5.8	344.71	1143.1mg·L^-1	12.90	32.40	60.8mL·（g VS_added）^-1	—	[48]

工艺参数						运行特性指标							参考文献
底物及混合比	反应器类型	发酵温度 /℃	有机负荷	初始 pH	HRT	发酵液pH	氨氮（N） /mg?L^-1	VFAs			氢气产率	氢气体积分数 /%
底物及混合比	反应器类型	发酵温度 /℃	有机负荷	初始 pH	HRT	发酵液pH	氨氮（N） /mg?L^-1	总含量	乙酸占比 /%	丁酸占比 /%	氢气产率	氢气体积分数 /%
食品废弃物∶市政污泥（3∶1，VS）	批次	35	20g VS·L^-1	6.0±0.1	—	—	—	9.71g·L^-1	45.31	49.12	174.6mL·（g VS_added）^-1	—	[9]
市政污泥∶黑麦草（30∶70，VS）	批次	37	12g VS·L^-1	7.0	—	—	—	900mg·Lp^-1①	79.00	15.00^①	60mL·（g VS_added）^-1	—	[10]
市政污泥∶杨树叶（20∶80，VS）	批次	37	10g VS·L^-1	7.0	—	5.51	—	115mg·（g VS_added）^-1①	75.00^①	18.00^①	37.8mL·（g VS_added）^-1	—	[11]
市政污泥∶草渣（3∶7，VS）	批次	37	10g VS·L^-1	7.0	—	6.01	44.64	13.1mmol·L^-1	95^①	—	45.6mL·（g VS_added）^-1	—	[14]
市政污泥∶废花卉（10∶90，VS）	批次	37	10g VS·L^-1	—	—	—	—	1400mg·L^-1①	56.90	30.00^①	39mL·（g VS_added）^-1	—	[16]
食品废弃物∶园林垃圾（10∶90，VS）	批次	70	8.5g VS·L^-1	—	—	—	—	—	优势^②	—	46±1mL·（g VS_added）^-1	—	[34]
食品废弃物∶市政污泥（80∶20，TS）	批次	37±1	25g TS·L^-1	7.21	—	6.12~6.51	683.20	281.84mg·（g VS）^-1	—	62.19	60.23mL·（g VS_added）^-1	62.40	[42]
食品废弃物∶厌氧污泥（54∶46，VS）	CSTR	55	39.6 g VS·（L·d）^-1	控制 5.0~5.5	0.8d	—	62.92±11.90	(4858±965.8)mg·L^-1	共占83.0~90.0		(76.8±0.7)mL·（g VS_added）^-1	54.5±5.6	[43]
食品废弃物∶市政污泥（80∶20，VS）	ASBR	35	42 g TCOD（L·d）^-1	7.0±0.1	72h	—	—	13.9g·L^-1	15.00	40.00	62.0mL·（g VS_added）^-1	50	[44]
食品废弃物∶活性污泥（1∶5，质量）	CSTR	37	14.6 kg VS·（m³·d）^-1	控制 5.54±0.02	3.0d	—	—	(8204±828)mg·L^-1	—	60.68^①	(8.6±4.8)L·（kg VS·d）^-1	18.40±6.3	[45]
土豆皮∶鸡粪（7∶3，VS）	批次	35±1	40g VS·L^-1	5.5	—	—	—	6338.01mg·L^-1	30.00^①	60.00^①	41.02mL·（g VS_added）^-1	37.29	[46]
食品废弃物∶鸡粪（50∶50，体积）	批次	35	940g VS·L^-1	7.0	—	—	—	0.8g·L^-1①	优势^②	—	120.97mL·（g COD)^-1	53.35	[47]
食品废弃物∶鸡粪（7∶3，体积）	批次	35	—	7.0	—	5.8	344.71	1143.1mg·L^-1	12.90	32.40	60.8mL·（g VS_added）^-1	—	[48]

底物类型	接种物	接种物预处理	共酵温度 /℃	嗜热产氢菌属	嗜热厌氧菌属	梭状芽孢杆菌属	肠杆菌属	芽孢杆菌属	参考文献
厌氧污泥∶杨树叶	厌氧污泥	热预处理（121℃，30min）	37	—	—	70.1%	14.4%	10.1%	[11]
厌氧污泥∶废花卉	厌氧污泥	热预处理（121℃，30min）	37	—	—	48.1%	37.8%	1.4%	[16]
食品废弃物∶厌氧污泥	厌氧污泥	重复曝气7d（DO＜0.5mg/L）	55	4.3%	20.2%	18.1%	—	—	[44]
食品废弃物∶市政污泥	厌氧污泥	热预处理（90℃，15min）	35	—	—	√	—	√	[51]
城市固体垃圾∶厌氧污泥	厌氧污泥	无	55	—	—	√	—	—	[69]

底物类型	接种物	接种物预处理	共酵温度 /℃	嗜热产氢菌属	嗜热厌氧菌属	梭状芽孢杆菌属	肠杆菌属	芽孢杆菌属	参考文献
厌氧污泥∶杨树叶	厌氧污泥	热预处理（121℃，30min）	37	—	—	70.1%	14.4%	10.1%	[11]
厌氧污泥∶废花卉	厌氧污泥	热预处理（121℃，30min）	37	—	—	48.1%	37.8%	1.4%	[16]
食品废弃物∶厌氧污泥	厌氧污泥	重复曝气7d（DO＜0.5mg/L）	55	4.3%	20.2%	18.1%	—	—	[44]
食品废弃物∶市政污泥	厌氧污泥	热预处理（90℃，15min）	35	—	—	√	—	√	[51]
城市固体垃圾∶厌氧污泥	厌氧污泥	无	55	—	—	√	—	—	[69]

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