Abstract:

Building decoration ceramic materials were prepared by wet injection molding and atmospheric pressure sintering with spodumene flotation tailings as raw materials and clay minerals as bonding materials. The best preparation conditions were studied by a comprehensive orthogonal test. The bulk density and water absorption were determined by drainage method, and the flexural and compressive strength were measured by universal tester. The chemical composition and phase composition were analyzed by XRF and XRD, respectively. The micro morphology was observed by SEM, and the mass and energy changes were investigated by TG-DSC during the heating process. The results showed that the best binder was kaolin with the optimum dosage of about 15%. When the sintering temperature was about 1200℃, the densification of ceramic materials can be basically realized with flexural strength of about 17.51MPa, compressive strength of about 49.17MPa, water absorption of less than 3% (belonging to low water absorption ceramic classification) and volume density of more than 1.5g/cm³. At high temperature, the enhancement of mass transferred between particles and the appearance of the glass phase made the particles adhere to each other and to fill a large number of pores, which played an important role in the improvement of porcelain formation and strength. The results provided a new approach for the comprehensive utilization of spodumene flotation tailings.

Key words: spodumene, flotation tailings, ceramic materials, sintering temperature

摘要：

以锂辉石浮选尾矿为主要原料，黏土矿物为黏结材料，通过湿法注模成型，常压烧结制备建筑装饰陶瓷材料。通过系统的正交试验研究黏结剂种类、烧结温度和黏结剂含量对陶瓷材料性能的影响。通过排水法测试其体积密度和吸水率，万能测试仪测试其抗折抗压强度，X射线荧光光谱仪（XRF）分析其化学成分，X射线衍射仪（XRD）分析其物相组成，扫描电镜（SEM）观察其微观形貌，差热-热重热分析（TG-DSC）探究其升温过程中质量和能量变化情况。结果表明：最佳黏结剂为高岭土，最适宜投加量为15%；烧结温度约为1200℃时可基本实现陶瓷材料的致密化，此时其抗折强度约为17.51MPa，抗压强度约为49.17MPa，吸水率小于3%（属于陶瓷分类中低吸水率砖），体积密度大于1.5g/cm³。研究表明，高温下颗粒间传质作用的增强和玻璃相的出现，使颗粒相互黏结并填充了大量空隙，这对其成瓷和强度的提高有重要作用。本文为锂辉石浮选尾矿的综合利用提供了一种新的途径。

关键词: 锂辉石, 浮选尾矿, 陶瓷材料, 烧结温度