Abstract: Molecular sieves show good catalytic activity and shape selectivity in isobutane/butene alkylation reaction, but the easy coking shortens their lifetime. The molecular sieves macro deactivation process,coke characterization analysis and the treatment of the inactivated molecular sieves are reviewed in this paper. Most existing conclusions are based on the experiment phenomenon, and the qualitative and quantitative analysis are not still comprehensive, resulting in unclear deactivation mechanism. The catalytic ability of the regenerated molecular sieves is not satisfactory and the regenerated treatment process is complex and costly. On the basis of the characteristics of the coke, the coking routes for different cokes are obtained which provides a basis for the quantitative study in dynamic method. In addition, the deactivation molecular sieves analyzed from multiple perspectives, and then we put forward the further research direction of molecular sieves deactivation mechanism is to understand different coke influence on molecular sieves properties at a micro level.

Key words: molecular sieves, isobutane, alkylation, deactivation, mechanism

摘要： 分子筛在催化异丁烷/丁烯烷基化反应过程中表现出良好的催化活性和择形选择性，但反应过程易生焦，导致催化剂寿命较短。本文对分子筛的宏观失活过程、焦组分的定性表征分析和失活分子筛的处理对策进行了综述，发现目前对焦组分的定性和定量分析并不全面，而现有的结论多是基于实验现象的宏观推测，导致分子筛的失活机理研究并不明确；在失活处理对策方面，再生后的分子筛活性不理想且工艺复杂、投资较大。本文在总结焦组分的结构特征基础上，以焦组分模型化合物为导向，对其生焦路径进行了推导，为从动力学角度进行焦组分的定量研究提供了可能性。另外多角度分析了分子筛生焦失活原因，并提出微观层面界定焦组分对分子筛性能影响的差异性是进一步研究烷基化反应分子筛失活机理的方向。

关键词: 分子筛, 异丁烷, 烷基化, 失活, 机理