Abstract: Nano zinc oxide(ZnO) is a widely used multifunctional material. The properties and applications of ZnO were introduced, and the importance of surface modification was expounded. Surface modification could cause changes in particle size, defects and surface chemical properties of ZnO. In this work, the surface modification methods were classified at first, then the influences of surface modification on the properties of ZnO were reviewed, including the optical property, antibacterial property and biotoxicity, as well as those of the ZnO/polymer nanocomposites. The relevant reasons for the influences were also analyzed from different perspectives. Appropriate surface modification can improve the stability and dispersibility of ZnO, enhance its UV resistance, photocatalysis, photoluminescence and antibacterial properties, reduce its toxicity, regulate and coordinate its properties, while improper surface modification may result in the property deterioration of ZnO. However, it is still a great challenge to comprehensively and accurately predict and achieve the advantages of surface modification. Therefore, more in-depth and systematic studies are still needed in the choice of surface modifier and surface modification methods, in the establishment of surface modification system, the surface modification mechanism and in the performance optimization.

Key words: surface modification, particle, composites, photoluminescence, UV resistant, zinc oxide (ZnO)

摘要： 纳米氧化锌（ZnO）是一种广泛使用的多功能材料。本文介绍了ZnO的性质和应用，并阐述了表面修饰的重要性。表面修饰会引起ZnO粒径、缺陷和表面化学性质变化。在对表面修饰方法作简单分类后，结合应用综述了表面修饰对ZnO光学性质、抗菌性、生物毒性以及对ZnO/聚合物纳米复合材料性质的影响，并从不同角度分析其原因。适当的表面修饰可提高ZnO的稳定性和分散性，增强其抗紫外、光催化、光致发光和抗菌性质，降低其毒性，并能调控和协调其性质，而不当的表面修饰会导致ZnO性质劣化。然而，要全面和准确地预测并实现表面修饰的优势效果仍面临较大挑战。在表面修饰剂和表面修饰方法的选择、表面修饰剂体系的建立、表面修饰机理及性能优化等方面还需要更深入系统的研究。

关键词: 表面改性, 粒子, 复合材料, 光致发光, 抗紫外, 氧化锌