Abstract: Distillation is the most widely used key separation technology in chemical engineering,which has been extensively used in separation process in industry,such as petroleum,chemical engineering,fertilizer,pharmaceutical,environment protection,etc. Distillation possesses extensive application and technical mature,but also faces some disadvantages as huge capital investment and high energy consumption. Thus,it is of significant social-economic meanings to research and develop new as well as high-efficient mass transfer unit and develop new energy-saving distillation technique. The research progress of distillation process is summarized in this article,including types of distillation column,hydraulic performance,mass transfer performance,scale-up,energy saving,process intensification,etc. For hydraulic performance of tray column,the gas-liquid flow situation,pressure drop,weeping and entrainment are introduced. For hydraulic performance of packing column,pressure drop,flooding and holdup are studied. But the current study is still relying on empirical correlation and lack of the rigorous theoretical model. As for the study of gas-liquid mass transfer,the mass-transfer theory is mainly reviewed,but the scientific and accurate model has not been put forward. The study of scale-up includes tray,gas-liquid distributor and support device. The process energy-saving and intensification technology is reviewed,including process- coupling,process energy-saving,recovery of low grade waste heat,special distillation. Finally,the prospects of mass-transfer,process intensification and development direction of process integration are proposed.

Key words: distillation, process energy saving, process intensification, hydraulics, mass transfer

摘要： 精馏是化学工业中应用最广泛的关键共性技术,广泛应用于石油、化工、化肥、制药、环境保护等行业。精馏具有应用广泛、技术成熟等优点,但存在设备投资大、分离能耗高等问题,因此研究开发新型高效传质元件、开发新型节能精馏技术,具有重要的社会意义和经济价值。本文从精馏塔类型、流体力学性能、传质性能、塔器大型化、过程节能、过程强化等方面,介绍了精馏技术的研究进展与工业应用。对于板式塔,从气液两相流动状态、压降、漏液和雾沫夹带方面研究了塔板的流体力学性能;对于填料塔,从压降、液泛和持液量方面研究了填料塔的流体力学性能,但目前的研究仍以经验关联式为主,缺乏严谨的的理论模型。对于气液两相的传质性能研究,简述了气液两相传质理论,但科学、精准的传质模型尚未提出。对于塔器大型化的应用研究,介绍了塔板、气液分布器和支撑装置等大型化关键技术的工业应用。从精馏过程典型节能技术、耦合节能技术、流程节能技术、低温余热回收和特殊精馏等方面,介绍了精馏过程节能与强化的应用进展。文章最后对精馏过程的传质、强化和集成进行了展望。

关键词: 精馏, 过程节能, 过程强化, 流体力学, 传质