温敏聚合物在油气开采中的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-1001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

温敏聚合物是一种能够根据外界温度变动产生相应化学性质转变或物理结构变化，进而引起自身性能改变的高分子聚合物，已成为近年来新兴材料的重要研究方向之一。新型温敏聚合物已经在各行业开始应用，尤其在油气开采过程中，作为油田助剂因其独特的温敏特性可有效解决油气开采前后所发生工作液高温降黏、油层高温窜流、采后污染等问题。本文综述了温敏聚合物在油气开采中的采前准备、注水开采以及采后污水处理三个方面的研究现状，并从温敏处理剂的性能特点、合成方法等角度进行了分析，对温敏聚合物在今后油气开采中的应用做出展望，同时指出部分温敏聚合物产品仍然存在敏感性不足、临界相转变温度（LCST）调节困难、耐温耐盐能力差等问题，并提出了今后温敏聚合物将向灵敏度高、配伍性广、环保性强等方向发展，以供相关学者进行参考。

关键词: 温敏聚合物, 油气开采, 油田助剂, 应用展望

Abstract:

The research of temperature sensitive polymer had become one of the important research directions of emerging new materials. It is a kind of material which changes chemical properties or physical structure according to the change of external temperature. And these two changes eventually lead to the change of its own performance. New temperature sensitive materials had been applied in various industries. In oil and gas exploitation, temperature sensitive polymer is used as oilfield additives because of their unique temperature sensitive properties. The problems of viscosity reduction, channeling and pollution during oil and gas exploitation were solved by temperature sensitive polymer. In this paper, the research and application of temperature sensitive polymer in oil and gas production preparation, water injection and sewage treatment were reviewed. And the properties and synthesis methods of the thermosensitive agents were analyzed. The application of temperature sensitive polymer in oil and gas production in the future was prospected. The problems of temperature sensitive polymer had also been pointed out. For example, the sensitivity of temperature sensitive products was insufficient, the adjustment of LCST was difficult, and the ability of temperature and salt tolerance was poor. Thus, the further studies of the temperature sensitive polymer were proposed.

Key words: temperature-sensitive polymer, oil and gas exploitation, oil field additives, application prospect

中图分类号:

TQ311

潘一, 徐明磊, 侯冰, 郭奇, 杨双春, KANTOMA Daniel Bala. 温敏聚合物在油气开采中的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(4): 2109-2119.

PAN Yi, XU Minglei, HOU Bing, GUO Qi, YANG Shuangchun, KANTOMA Daniel Bala. Research progress of temperature-sensitive polymer in oil and gas production[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(4): 2109-2119.

图/表 7

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温敏稠化剂类型	主要原料	应用范围	建议发展方向
酸化液稠化剂	烯丙基聚氧乙烯醚、AM、DMC	储层采前酸化处理恢复储集层渗透性能，实现酸化液感温增稠的作用	建议加强对耐温、耐盐以及提升增稠效果方面的研究
压裂液稠化剂	乳酸丙三醇有机锆、温敏疏水磺酸基胍胶等	在实现增黏、降滤失、减少压裂液阻力的同时，有效避免了压裂液遇热降稠现象的发生	建议提升耐温性能，增加压裂液稠化剂的配伍能力以应对不同地层环境

温敏稠化剂类型	主要原料	应用范围	建议发展方向
酸化液稠化剂	烯丙基聚氧乙烯醚、AM、DMC	储层采前酸化处理恢复储集层渗透性能，实现酸化液感温增稠的作用	建议加强对耐温、耐盐以及提升增稠效果方面的研究
压裂液稠化剂	乳酸丙三醇有机锆、温敏疏水磺酸基胍胶等	在实现增黏、降滤失、减少压裂液阻力的同时，有效避免了压裂液遇热降稠现象的发生	建议提升耐温性能，增加压裂液稠化剂的配伍能力以应对不同地层环境

类型	材料	性能特点	建议今后研究方向
纳米粒子驱油剂	N-二甲基丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酸丁酯、十二烷基苯磺酸钠等	驱油剂亲水、亲油性能可受温度调控，粒子尺寸亦可随温度不同发生相应变化	建议加强感温灵敏度的研究，以便提升驱油效果
纳米泡沫驱油剂	DMA、磁性纳米四氧化三铁粒子等	通过温度变化，控制泡沫亲疏水特性，具有磁性，可通过磁场控制驱动液，提高采收率	承压能力稍有欠缺，建议增进该方向的性能研发
微胶囊驱油剂	聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)（PNIPAM）、N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺、阴离子表面活性剂SDBS等	可根据温度响应控制释表面活性剂的释放速度，提升驱油效果	随着油藏深度的增加，地层温度也在不断升高，因此良好的抗温性能已经成为了胶囊驱油剂的新方向
逆向温敏凝胶驱油剂^[37]	PNIPAM、丙烯酰胺、山嵛酰氯等	具有逆向温敏特性，常温下流动性好、易泵注，耐温耐盐，驱油效果好	该产品合成方法较为复杂，建议精简合成步骤，以利于油田推广应用。

类型	材料	性能特点	建议今后研究方向
纳米粒子驱油剂	N-二甲基丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酸丁酯、十二烷基苯磺酸钠等	驱油剂亲水、亲油性能可受温度调控，粒子尺寸亦可随温度不同发生相应变化	建议加强感温灵敏度的研究，以便提升驱油效果
纳米泡沫驱油剂	DMA、磁性纳米四氧化三铁粒子等	通过温度变化，控制泡沫亲疏水特性，具有磁性，可通过磁场控制驱动液，提高采收率	承压能力稍有欠缺，建议增进该方向的性能研发
微胶囊驱油剂	聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)（PNIPAM）、N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺、阴离子表面活性剂SDBS等	可根据温度响应控制释表面活性剂的释放速度，提升驱油效果	随着油藏深度的增加，地层温度也在不断升高，因此良好的抗温性能已经成为了胶囊驱油剂的新方向
逆向温敏凝胶驱油剂^[37]	PNIPAM、丙烯酰胺、山嵛酰氯等	具有逆向温敏特性，常温下流动性好、易泵注，耐温耐盐，驱油效果好	该产品合成方法较为复杂，建议精简合成步骤，以利于油田推广应用。

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