Abstract: One-dimensional conducting polymer nanomaterials have attracted much attention owing to their advantages of low-dimensional structure，good environmental stability，low cost and facile synthesis. This paper reviews the recent research progress in the preparation of one-dimensional conducting polymer nanomaterials，including hard and soft template methods，interfacial polymerization，rapid mixing reaction，dilute polymerization and electrochemistry method. The virtues and disadvantages of these methods are discussed and the potential application of one-dimensional conducting polymer nanomaterials are presented.