Abstract: With decreasing global crude oil reserves and increasing green house gas emission，the commercialized production of fuel ethanol from grain，sugar cane has become popular in many countries， resulting in higher global grain price. The production of cellulose ethanol produced from wood chip and stover has been successful in laboratory，and cellulose ethanol commercial plants are being constructed now. Raw material price，processing technology，enzyme，yeasts，capital investment and supporting policy are the factors that affect the cost of commercial cellulose ethanol. In this paper，the commercial projects of cellulose ethanol plants are introduced and the effects of different factors are analyzed.