Abstract: The importance of bioaugmentation research of functional uncultureable microorganism is presented and the methods of bioaugmentation of functional uncultureable microorganism are introduced，such as Biolog technique，molecular ecology technique，and nutrition supplementation. The testing strategy after intensification of the functional uncultureable microorganism is introduced. It includes molecular biology techniques（DGGE，T-RFLP，RFLP，ARDRA，T-RFLP），biomarker techniques（quinone profile technique，phospholipid fatty acid profile technique）. After the functional uncultureable microorganism is activated，the metabolic activity and the degradation ability of COD are tested by these methods. The aim is to optimize the activator of functional uncultureable microorganism and to improve the ability of activated sludge in wastewater treatment.