Abstract: Choose soybean oil as raw material which are usually to synthesize ESO and EFAME, use GC-MS measure the component and content, and used transesterification, epoxidation reaction, synthesized an epoxy plasticizer-epoxy low calorie oil(ELCO), and the performances of the plasticizing effects on PVC is tested. The results show that:The content of the unsaturated fatty acid reaches above 80%, it's perfectly suitable for synthesizing high epoxide number plasticizer; The content of monoacetate triglyceride in LCO would be maximum when the mole ratio of soybean oil to glyceryl triacetate is 1:1; In addition, pass the test of physical and chemical properties, DMA, film stretching, TGA-FT-IR, TGA-MS and thermal degradation kinetics. The results show that compared with ESO, ELCO has lower T_g(ELCO is -0.77℃, ESO is 6.13℃) and greater breaking elongation(ELCO is 370.56%, ESO is 321.11%); compared with EFAME, ELCO has higher flash point, lower heating loss and higher thermal stability. So ELCO is a better plasticizer product.

Key words: plasticize, epoxidation, ELCO, PVC, soybean oil

摘要： 选用常用来合成环氧大豆油和环氧脂肪酸甲酯的大豆油为原料，运用GC-MS联用仪测定了其组成及含量，并通过酯交换、环氧化等工艺合成了具有环氧结构的环氧长短链酰基甘油酯（环氧低热油）；并对其作为聚氯乙烯增塑剂的各项性能进行了研究。结果表明，大豆油不饱和脂肪酸含量达88.5%，当其与三乙酸甘油酯在物质的量之比为1∶1的情况下可得到以二脂肪酸单乙酸酯为主要成分的低热油；此外，通过物化性能、动态热机械分析、薄膜拉伸、热重-红外-质谱及热分解动力学等手段分析，结果表明环氧低热油的玻璃化转变温度为–0.77℃，低于环氧大豆油的6.13℃；其断裂伸长率为370.56%，也高于环氧大豆油321.11%；与环氧脂肪酸甲酯相比具有更高的闪点、较少的加热减量和更优良的热稳定性。所以环氧低热油是一种较为优良的增塑剂产品。

关键词: 增塑剂, 环氧化, 环氧低热油, 聚氯乙烯, 大豆油