Abstract: Residua hydrotreating (RHT) has received considerable attention with the increasing tension and inferior quality of oil resources. Therefore，the disadvantage influence of nickel and vanadium in heavy oils to RHT process，complete removal of them is one of the significant and difficult problem in technologies of RHT. In this paper，the progress in mechanism of residue hydrodemetallization is summarized from three points of the interaction between metal-porphyrin and surface of catalyst，intermediates and reaction models and the modification effect of several influence factors on reaction process. Besides that，the present imperfections and directions in the future are also propounded.

摘要： 随着石油资源的日趋紧张和原油质量的重质化，渣油加氢处理技术越来越受到重视。由于渣油中的金属镍钒对整个渣油加氢处理过程有着很多不利的影响，尽可能地脱除渣油中的镍钒便一直是渣油处理技术研究中的重点和难点之一。本文从金属卟啉化合物与催化剂表面的相互作用、中间产物和反应模型以及几个重要的影响因素对反应过程的修饰作用等角度阐述了渣油加氢脱金属反应机理的研究进展，并对目前存在的不足和未来的研究方向进行了探讨。