Abstract: By their structural features，zwitterionic catalysts can be divided into metallocene and non-metallocene (early and late transition metal) complexes. According to the location of counterions in the molecule structure，zwitterionic metallocenes can be classified into girdle-，bridge- and ring-type families. Extensive data on the synthesis，structural characteristics and catalytic activity of the zwitterionic systems for olefin polymerization are reviewed. While zwitterionic catalysts exhibit good activity in respect to olefin polymerization，non-metallocene catalysts possess certain activity in reactions of small molecules as well. Research on these potential single-component catalysts for olefin polymerization and other processes (especially in part concerning small molecule activation) is still required.

Key words: zwitterionic catalyst, olefin polymerization, metallocene, non-metallocene

摘要： 两性离子催化剂按照配体的结构特征和金属元素种类可分为两性离子茂金属配合物、非茂前过渡以及后过渡金属两性离子配合物三大类。两性离子茂金属配合物根据阴离子在配体上所连接区域的不同又可以分为Girdle型、Bridge型和Ring型三种。本文对各类两性离子配合物的合成方法、结构特征和催化反应活性进行了归纳总结，发现两性离子催化剂对催化烯烃聚合表现出较好的活性，而非茂的两性离子配合物不仅是良好的烯烃聚合催化剂，还可以催化多种类型的小分子反应。作为一种新型高效的单组份活性催化剂，目前，有关两性离子催化剂的应用研究还有很多未知的领域有待开发，尤其是在小分子的活化、催化领域。

关键词: 两性离子催化剂, 烯烃聚合, 茂金属配合物, 非茂金属配合物