Abstract:   Lignocellulosic biomass，which is rich in cellulose and hemicellulose，can be refined into fuels and other value-added-chemicals. It will enhance and extend the world energy and chemical base without adding additional carbon to the environment. The composition of lignocellulosic biomass feedstock was reviewed，and some typical pretreatment technologies including dilute acid，liquid hot water，steam explosion，carbon dioxide explosion，ammonia fiber explosion，alkaline，organosolv process and biological methods，were compared. Moreover，the production of cellulosic ethanol，n-butanol and biodiesel by fermentation of biomass hydrolyzate was especially discussed. It is necessary to develop efficient and environmental pretreatment technologies for the industrialization of fuel and chemicals production from lignocellulose biomass. In addition，reconstructing inhibitor tolerant strains and applying continuous fermentation or fed-batch fermentation process can reduce the manufacturing cost and enhance the fermentation efficiency.

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摘要： 木质纤维素类生物质含有丰富的纤维素和半纤维素多糖，通过微生物发酵将它们转化为能源及高附加值的化学品，对于缓解全球能源危机带来的压力和解决环境污染问题具有重要意义。介绍了木质纤维素类生物质的结构特征；评述了预处理方法，包括稀酸、高温液态水蒸气爆破、CO₂爆破、氨爆、碱法、有机溶剂法、生物处理法；重点介绍由生物质生产乙醇、丁醇及生物柴油的研究现状。指出开发高效环保的预处理方法、构建耐毒高产菌株和应用连续发酵或补料批式发酵方式等是加快木质纤维素类生物质发酵利用工业化进程的关键所在。

关键词: 木质纤维素类生物质, 预处理, 糖化, 燃料及化工品