Abstract:

Converting heavy ends of petroleum，which has a high C/H value，to carbon materials by dehydrogenation is an important approach to making efficient use of such heary ends，because petroleum is becoming heavier and more than 10% of crude oil is super heavy components that cannot be converted into light oil by the present technology. In this review，recent developments in the synthesis of carbon functional materials from heavy ends of petroleum are introduced，including the synthesis approaches by direct dehydrogenation of heavy oil and a self-assembly process in gas or liquid phase. The carbon functional materials prepared from heavy ends of petroleum include active carbon，carbon foam，carbon fibers，carbon nano-materials and versatile composites or doped carbon materials. Strongpoints and shortcomings of the preparation of carbon functional materials from heavy ends of petroleum are presented，and suggestions for future research are made.

摘要：

原油重质化趋势日益严重，超过原油总量10%的极重组分无法通过现有技术转化为轻质组分，因此将这部分碳氢比较高的重质组分脱氢制备碳材料成为其高效利用的一个重要途径。本文介绍了目前国内外采用石油重质组分制备碳材料的方法，包括重质油直接脱氢碳化制备碳材料、采用气相或液相沉积法制备碳材料。所得碳材料主要为活性炭、泡沫炭、碳纤维、碳纳米材料，以及多功能复合、掺杂材料等。分析了采用石油重质组分制备碳材料的优点、难点和今后需要开展工作的方向。