Abstract:

This paper describes the current utilization，composition and structure of lignocellulose and the general process of fuel ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass. Key processes including pretreatment，hydrolysis，fermentation and distillation are discussed. Advantages and disadvantages of different methods，as well as the present status and developing trends of corresponding technologies are analyzed. Promising prospects of ethanol production in cost reduction and conversion improvement from lignocellulose fermentation are especially introduced. Prospects and challenges are considered to be the isolation methods of high cellulose-producing microorganisms，advanced pretreatment technologies，ways for overcoming cellulase inhibition and mutagenesis，and molecular techniques for thermophilic or thermotolerant yeasts.

摘要：

介绍了木质纤维素的资源组成、结构、利用现状以及从木质纤维素类生物质生产乙醇的一般生产工艺，并重点综述了预处理、水解、发酵和蒸馏4个关键流程工艺及相关技术，分析了这些工艺中采用的不同方法的优缺点以及国内外的技术现状及动向。本文还提出和讨论了今后研究方向需要加强的方面，并指出：高产纤维素酶菌株的筛选及驯化、改进原料预处理技术、降低中间产物对纤维素酶活性的抑制作用、现代育种技术构建耐高温工程菌等减少成本和提高纤维素生物质到乙醇的转化率技术，将是今后的研究重点发展方向和业界正面临的挑战。