Abstract: In oilfield，some major problems have gradually emerged with the widespread employment of exploration technology，which can not be satisfactorily coped with through traditional physical-chemical techniques. Biological techniques have been widely used in crude oil production for their specific advantages. It is a current trend to deal with the problems in the oilfield ground system by using biological techniques. The aims of this paper are to expound the present status of biological techniques as defending and controlling the deleterious microbe，and developing biodemulsifier and bioflocculant so as to tackle some practical problems in actual oil production.

摘要： 回顾了油田开采中地面系统暴露的一些主要问题及相关对策。阐述了生物技术在油田地面系统中应用的优势，并指出生物技术已经成为新的研究热点。同时，针对我国油田生产实际中存在的部分问题和重要工艺环节，分别对有害微生物的防控、生物破乳剂研制、生物絮凝剂研制等生物处理技术的研究现状进行了论述和展望。