Abstract: With the development of immobilization technology，more and more achievements have been applied to environmental treatment with unique advantage and tremendous potential. Two immobilization methods，adsorption and embedding，including the selection of carriers and the methods of preparation are introduced. The effect of immobilization on microorganism physiological characteristics and the application of immobilization technique in oil contaminated wastewater remediation are discussed. Finally the deficiencies in the practical application of immobilized microorganisms are summarized.

摘要： 随着微生物固定化技术的发展，越来越多的研究成果应用于环境治理领域。固定化技术在废水生物治理领域中具有独特的优势和巨大的潜力。本文主要介绍了吸附法和包埋法这两种固定化方法载体的选择和制备方法，探讨了固定化技术对微生物生理特性的影响，综述了固定化技术在修复石油污染方面的应用，总结了固定化微生物技术在实际应用中存在的不足。