Abstract: The application of ultrasound in the viscosity reduction of vacuum residuum was investigated. Effects of ultrasonic treatment time，output voltage and temperature on the viscosity reduction ratio etc. were studied. Results showed that the higher of output voltage and the longer of ultrasonic treatment time，the higher the viscosity reduction ratio. When the ultrasonic treatment temperature is lower than 280℃，the viscosity reduction ratioes at 40℃ are less than 30% and 10％ respectively with and without ultrasonic treatment，and the viscosity reduction ratio at 80℃ are both less than 5% with and without ultrasonic treatment. The main effects of ultrasonic treatment below 280℃ for viscosity reduction might be mechanical agitation and physical changes in vacuum residuum. When the ultrasonic treatment temperature is from 300℃ to 400℃，the viscosity reduction ratio at 40℃ is from 34% to 63％ and from 13％ to 34％ with and without ultrasonic treatment，and the viscosity reduction ratio at 80℃ is from 7% to 20％ and from 3％ to 10％ with and without ultrasonic treatment，and the viscosity of vacuum residuum is stable within 9 days. The main effects of ultrasonic treatment between 300 and 400℃ might be the cavitation visbreaking，which leads to the viscosity reduction of the cracked residuum.

摘要： 使用变辐杆声化学反应器进行了减压渣油超声波降黏试验研究，考察了超声输出电压值、反应温度、反应时间等对减压渣油的降黏率关系，并考察了超声波处理后减压渣油黏度的恢复情况，分析了超声波对减压渣油降黏的可能机理。结果表明了输出电压越大，超声波处理时间越长，降黏率越高；反应温度＜280℃，有、无超声辐照后减压渣油测量温度40 ℃时，降黏率分别＜30%和10％，测量温度为80 ℃时降黏率均＜5%，此时超声可能以物理机械搅拌降黏作用为主，渣油体系发生了物理变化；反应温度300～400 ℃，有、无超声辐照后减压渣油测量温度40 ℃时降黏率分别从34%升至63％和从13％升至34％，测量温度为80℃时的降黏率分别从7%升至20％和从3％升至10％，黏度9天内基本稳定，此时超声对渣油的作用可能以空化裂化作用为主，渣油体系发生裂化，黏度降低。