Advances in process intensification based on hydrodynamic cavitation

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-1244

Abstract

Abstract:

Utilizing huge energy release during cavitation bubble collapse (i.e., sonochemical effect), hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) is an effective, green chemical process intensification technology, which has become a research hotspot around the world. HC technology, with the advantages of low equipment cost, good scalability, and effective synergism with other physical or chemical means, has a huge potential for industrial applications. The present review introduces HC phenomenon and its characteristics. The research and application progresses and corresponding mechanisms of HC technology in three representative applications, i.e., organic wastewater treatment, water disinfection, and biofuel production, were summarized, indicating its potential in industrial applications. Moreover, the development process and the state of the art of hydrodynamic cavitation reactors, which are utilized to induce HC phenomenon, were discussed. Finally, based on the development trend and the authors' research experience, the existing issues and research direction of HC technology were proposed. The present review can provide constructive suggestions for accelerating the development and industrial application of HC technology.

Key words: process intensification, sonochemistry, hydrodynamic cavitation, hydrodynamic cavitation reactor

摘要：

水力空化（HC）是一种利用声化学效应（即空泡溃灭时释放出的巨大能量）的高效、绿色化工过程强化技术，是国内外的研究热点。该技术具有设备造价低、可放大性强、可与其他物理及化学方法高效耦合等优点，工业应用前景广泛。本文介绍了HC现象及其特性；归纳了近年来HC技术在有机废水处理、水消毒与生物燃料制备等代表性应用的研究、应用进展以及作用机理，展示了其工业应用的潜力；总结了用于诱发HC现象的水力空化反应器的发展过程与研究现状；最后，结合发展趋势与作者的研究经历，归纳了国内外在HC研究方面存在的问题，指出了其未来发展方向，为HC技术的发展与工业应用探索提供建设性意见。

关键词: 化工过程强化, 声化学, 水力空化, 水力空化反应器

CLC Number:

SUN Xun, ZHAO Yue, XUAN Xiaoxu, ZHAO Shan, YOON Joon Yong, CHEN Songying. Advances in process intensification based on hydrodynamic cavitation[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(5): 2243-2255.

孙逊, 赵越, 玄晓旭, 赵珊, YOON Joon Yong, 陈颂英. 基于水力空化的化工过程强化研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(5): 2243-2255.

Figures/Tables 11

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年度/年	处理量/L	HCR	协同手段	操作条件	时间/min	降解率/%	参考文献
2008	40	Swirling reactor	H₂O₂∶100mg/L	p_in=0.6MPa，C_initial=5mg/L， T_initial=40℃，pH=5.4	180	87	［22］
2009	25	Swirling reactor	H₂O₂∶150mg/L	p_in=0.6MPa，C_initial=10mg/L， T_initial=50℃，pH=3	180	99.1	［23］
2010	4	Venturi	H₂O₂∶200mg/L	p_in=4.8bar，C_initial=10mg/L， T_initial=30℃，pH=2.5	120	99.9	［24］
2013	30	Orifice	铁片	p_in=5.8bar，C_initial=2mg/L， T_initial=25℃，pH=3	240	87	［20］
2016	50	Ecowirl reactor	NaOCl∶4mg/L	p_in=2bar，C_initial=3mg/L， T_initial=（19±1）℃，pH=4	169	94	［25］
2017	30	Venturi	Fenton（H₂O₂∶30mg/L，FeSO₄∶5mg/L）	p_in=10MPa，C_initial=33mg/L， T_initial=26℃，pH=3	120	99.72	［26］
2018	10	Orifice	H₂O₂∶6mL/L，水凝胶∶25g，埃洛石黏土∶0.5g	p_in=6bar，C_initial=70mg/L， T_initial=N/A，pH=7.62	120	65	［27］
2018	20	Venturi	AC∶220W	p_in=0.4MPa，C_initial=20μmol/L， T_initial=25℃，pH=N/A	120	33	［28］
2020	5	Venturi	TiO₂∶0.5mg/L	p_in=3bar，C_initial=10mg/L， T_initial=45℃，pH=3	150	91.1	［29］
2021	4	Venturi	—	p_in=0.4MPa，C_initial=10mg/L， T_initial=25℃，pH=3	120	38.7	［30］

年度/年	处理量/L	HCR	协同手段	操作条件	时间/min	降解率/%	参考文献
2008	40	Swirling reactor	H₂O₂∶100mg/L	p_in=0.6MPa，C_initial=5mg/L， T_initial=40℃，pH=5.4	180	87	［22］
2009	25	Swirling reactor	H₂O₂∶150mg/L	p_in=0.6MPa，C_initial=10mg/L， T_initial=50℃，pH=3	180	99.1	［23］
2010	4	Venturi	H₂O₂∶200mg/L	p_in=4.8bar，C_initial=10mg/L， T_initial=30℃，pH=2.5	120	99.9	［24］
2013	30	Orifice	铁片	p_in=5.8bar，C_initial=2mg/L， T_initial=25℃，pH=3	240	87	［20］
2016	50	Ecowirl reactor	NaOCl∶4mg/L	p_in=2bar，C_initial=3mg/L， T_initial=（19±1）℃，pH=4	169	94	［25］
2017	30	Venturi	Fenton（H₂O₂∶30mg/L，FeSO₄∶5mg/L）	p_in=10MPa，C_initial=33mg/L， T_initial=26℃，pH=3	120	99.72	［26］
2018	10	Orifice	H₂O₂∶6mL/L，水凝胶∶25g，埃洛石黏土∶0.5g	p_in=6bar，C_initial=70mg/L， T_initial=N/A，pH=7.62	120	65	［27］
2018	20	Venturi	AC∶220W	p_in=0.4MPa，C_initial=20μmol/L， T_initial=25℃，pH=N/A	120	33	［28］
2020	5	Venturi	TiO₂∶0.5mg/L	p_in=3bar，C_initial=10mg/L， T_initial=45℃，pH=3	150	91.1	［29］
2021	4	Venturi	—	p_in=0.4MPa，C_initial=10mg/L， T_initial=25℃，pH=3	120	38.7	［30］

年度/年	处理量/L	HCR	其他手段	操作条件	时间/min	消毒率/%	参考文献
2006	18	Orifice	—	p_in=1500kPa，C_initial=N/A，T_initial=32℃	251	57.8^①	［49］
2007	4	LWR	O₃∶6.42~7.49mg/L，以5L/min 的流量在第0和第90min分别通入15min	P_in=1500psi，C_initial=10⁸~10⁹CFU/mL，T_initial=（35±5）℃	180	71.2	［54］
2008	50	Orifice	—	p_in=100kPa，C_initial≈10⁷CFU/mL，T_initial=N/A	120	32.7	［55］
2009	2	Rotating disk	—	E_input=490W/L，C_initial=N/A，T_initial=N/A	3	75^②	［56］
2015	40	Orifice	—	P_in=12MPa，C_initial≈10⁷CFU/mL，T_initial=33℃	30	100	［57］
2018	4	Venturi	—	p_in=0.2bar，C_initial≈10⁷CFU/mL，T_initial=23℃	120	75.4	［58］
2018	2	ARHCR	—	N=9025r/min，C_initial≈10⁷CFU/mL，T_initial=23℃	150	99.95	［58］
2018	0.25	ARHCR	—	N=3000r/min，C_initial=10⁵CFU/mL，T<58℃	10	100	［50］
2018	60	ARHCR	—	N=3600r/min，C_initial=10⁸CFU/mL，T_initial=23℃	14	100	［59］
2020	21	Orifice	—	p_discharge=7.5bar，C_initial=6×10⁵CFU/mL，T_initial=N/A	360	99.4	［60］

年度/年	处理量/L	HCR	其他手段	操作条件	时间/min	消毒率/%	参考文献
2006	18	Orifice	—	p_in=1500kPa，C_initial=N/A，T_initial=32℃	251	57.8^①	［49］
2007	4	LWR	O₃∶6.42~7.49mg/L，以5L/min 的流量在第0和第90min分别通入15min	P_in=1500psi，C_initial=10⁸~10⁹CFU/mL，T_initial=（35±5）℃	180	71.2	［54］
2008	50	Orifice	—	p_in=100kPa，C_initial≈10⁷CFU/mL，T_initial=N/A	120	32.7	［55］
2009	2	Rotating disk	—	E_input=490W/L，C_initial=N/A，T_initial=N/A	3	75^②	［56］
2015	40	Orifice	—	P_in=12MPa，C_initial≈10⁷CFU/mL，T_initial=33℃	30	100	［57］
2018	4	Venturi	—	p_in=0.2bar，C_initial≈10⁷CFU/mL，T_initial=23℃	120	75.4	［58］
2018	2	ARHCR	—	N=9025r/min，C_initial≈10⁷CFU/mL，T_initial=23℃	150	99.95	［58］
2018	0.25	ARHCR	—	N=3000r/min，C_initial=10⁵CFU/mL，T<58℃	10	100	［50］
2018	60	ARHCR	—	N=3600r/min，C_initial=10⁸CFU/mL，T_initial=23℃	14	100	［59］
2020	21	Orifice	—	p_discharge=7.5bar，C_initial=6×10⁵CFU/mL，T_initial=N/A	360	99.4	［60］

年度/年	处理量/L	HCR	温度/℃	醇，摩尔比	催化剂，质量分数/%	时间/min	产率（质量分数）/%	参考文献
2008	10	Orifice	28	MeOH，1∶10	H₂SO₄，1	90	92^①	［64］
2013	10	Orifice	60	MeOH，1∶6	KOH，1	10	>95^①	［65］
2014	15	Venturi	<64.7	MeOAC，1∶12	CH₃OK，1	30	89.24	［66］
2015	50	Orifice	60	MeOH，1∶6	KOH，1	15	98.1^①	［67］
2016	7.5	ARHCR	55	MeOH，1∶0.25（体积比）	NaOH，5.67（g/L）	15+15	99^①	［68］
2017	0.3	HSH	65	MeOH，1∶6	H₂SO₄，1	N/A	88	［69］
			50	MeOH，1∶10	CaO，1	30
2017	N/A	ARHCR	50	MeOH，1∶12	KOH，3	120	97	［70］
2018	4^②	Venturi	63	MeOH，1∶6	KOH，1.1	8	95.6±0.8	［71］
2019	10	Orifice	35 ± 3	MeOH，1∶6.8	NaOH，1	5	99^①	［72］