Abstract:

Magnesium aluminum spinel transparent ceramics have the advantages of high transmittance, high strength, high thermal conductivity, resistance to environmental erosion and low dielectric constant, etc. It can be widely used in the military and civilian fields such as transparent armor, infrared window, substrate and so on. After more than 50 years of research, spinel transparent ceramics have developed a mature preparation process (powder-forming-sintering), which heavily relies on the commercial spinel powder with high purity and high activity. In this paper, the development of spinel transparent ceramics at home and abroad was briefly introduced and the work of the preparation of spinel transparent ceramics by reactive sintering by our team was focused on. The effects of raw powder crystal type, composition, sintering process and sintering additives on the microstructure evolution and properties of the material were analyzed, which can provide theoretical guidance for the optimization of material properties. In order to push forward the development of the manufacture process and application of spinel transparent ceramic, the relevant for different application fields was introduced for the first time, i.e. large-sized plate and hyper-hemispherical dome.

Key words: transparent ceramic, spinel, reactive sintering, microstructure, large size

摘要：

镁铝尖晶石透明陶瓷具有高透过率、高强度、高热导率、耐环境侵蚀和低介电常数等优点，在透明装甲、红外窗口、基片衬底等军民用领域具有广泛的应用前景。经过五十多年的研究，镁铝尖晶石透明陶瓷已经发展出成熟的制备工艺路线（粉体制备-陶瓷成型-烧结），但该路线严重依赖于高纯度、高活性的镁铝尖晶石商业粉体。本文简要介绍了镁铝尖晶石透明陶瓷的国内外研究现状，重点介绍了本文作者团队采用反应烧结法制备镁铝尖晶石透明陶瓷方面所做的工作。分析了原料晶型、组分、烧结工艺和烧结助剂等因素对材料微观结构演变和性能的影响规律，为材料性能优化提供理论指导。同时针对不同领域应用需求，首次报道了大尺寸平板和超半球等镁铝尖晶石透明陶瓷的研究进展，为推动材料制备工艺发展和应用提供参考。

关键词: 透明陶瓷, 镁铝尖晶石, 反应烧结, 微结构, 大尺寸