Abstract:

As an energy conversion device that converts fuel chemical energy directly into electrical energy, proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has received much attention because of its high efficiency and environmental protection advantages. The catalyst directly determines the performance of PEMFC and is one of the most central parts of PEMFC. Electrodeposition is considered as a promising method for the preparation of PEMFC catalysts due to the advantages of controllable nucleation, low cost, easy operation and scalability. This article introduces the common processes in electrodeposition and reviews the representative achievements of PEMFC catalyst preparations by electrodeposition in recent years. It is pointed out that through accurately controlling the voltage, current and solution components, the electrodeposition has outstanding advantages in the preparation of alloy catalysts, non-precious metal catalysts, and catalysts with special morphologies such as core-shell structure, nanowire structure and nano-array structure. This allows the electrodeposition superior to other methods for the preparation of PEMFC catalysts, and to achieve industrial application. Finally, this article foresees the future research focus and direction for the preparation of PEMFC catalysts by electrodeposition, and points out that the researches on the regulation mechanism and catalytic mechanism of electrodeposition should be combined to guide the improvement of the preparation process. Meanwhile, the application pathway of electrodeposition for low-platinum or non-platinum catalysts should be explored, which will be of help to the technological breakthrough of PEMFC catalysts.

Key words: electrodeposition, fuel cell, catalyst

摘要：

作为将燃料化学能直接转化为电能的能量转换装置，质子交换膜燃料电池（proton exchange membrane fuel cell, PEMFC）因其高效、环保等优势受到了广泛关注。催化剂直接决定了PEMFC的性能水平，是PEMFC中最核心的部分之一。电化学沉积法因具有成核受控、低成本、易操作、可放大等优点，被视为一种具有潜力的燃料电池催化剂制备方法。本文介绍了电化学沉积过程中的常见工艺，综述了近年来国内外电化学沉积法制备PEMFC催化剂的代表性成果。文章指出，通过精确控制电压、电流及电沉积液组分，电化学沉积法在制备合金催化剂、非贵金属催化剂以及核-壳结构、纳米线结构、纳米阵列结构等特殊形貌催化剂方面具有突出优势，有望从众多PEMFC催化剂的制备方法中脱颖而出，实现产业化应用。最后，文章展望了电化学沉积法制备PEMFC催化剂未来的研究重点与方向，并提出应将电沉积过程调控机理与催化机理的研究相结合，指导催化剂制备工艺的改进与升级；同时，还需进一步探索电化学沉积法在低铂或非铂催化剂中的应用途径，助力PEMFC催化剂的技术突破。

关键词: 电化学沉积, 燃料电池, 催化剂