Abstract:

Nanofiltration (NF) technology has been widely applied in the fields of wastewater treatment, seawater desalination, as well as separation and purification in industry because of its high separation efficiency, low operating pressure, and environmental-friendly characters. Polyamide (PA) membranes prepared via interfacial polymerization (IP) are the most commonly used in nanofiltration. However, the reaction rate of IP process is too fast to control. Thus, it is still an urgent issue to effectively regulate the IP process to optimize the selective layer structures of nanofiltration membranes (NFM), which could further enhance the perm-selectivity of the NFM to meet the required performance from different applications. This paper summarized the progress in optimization of perm-selectivity performance of NFM including novel PA NFM, PA/nanomaterials mixed matrix membranes and ultrathin PA NFM from the viewpoint of controlling monomers diffusion during IP process. Then, the structure tuning methods on selective layers to improve the perm-selectivity performance of NFM was discussed. Furthermore, the challenges in large-scale preparation of PA-based NFM with good stability and controllability were pointed out. Finally, the perspectives on the promising methods for tuning microstructures and polymerization process of NFM were provided.

Key words: nanofiltration membrane, interfacial polymerization, polyamide, perm-selectivity

摘要：

纳滤因其分离效率高、操作压力低、环境友好等优点，在废水处理、海水淡化和工业分离纯化等众多领域有着重要的应用。界面聚合法制备的聚酰胺（PA）纳滤膜是最为常用的纳滤膜种类之一。然而界面聚合反应速度快，如何通过调控界面聚合过程，优化纳滤膜选择分离层的结构从而提高渗透选择性，以满足不同领域对纳滤膜需求仍是亟需解决的问题。本文从影响界面聚合单体扩散因素的角度出发，综述了近年来PA纳滤膜渗透选择性能优化的研究进展，包括新型PA纳滤膜、纳米材料/PA混合基质膜及超薄PA纳滤膜3个方面，探讨了选择分离层结构调控与纳滤膜渗透选择性能优化的关系，最后指出目前界面聚合制备高渗透选择性PA纳滤膜在规模化、稳定性及可控性存在的问题，并对未来界面聚合纳滤膜在微观结构和聚合过程调控方面的研究进行了展望。

关键词: 纳滤膜, 界面聚合, 聚酰胺, 渗透性选择性