Abstract: Aviation gasoline is an important member of aviation fuels. This article discusses the progress of aviation gasoline at home and abroad,which undergoes a course from mobile gasoline to leaded and unleaded aviation gasoline and that from low octane number to high octane number. Comparing the leaded and unleaded aviation gasoline standards,we find that there are several different technical indexes,including octane number,lead content,net heat of combustion,aromatic content etc. The analysis shows the differences in the two standards are because various base oils have been used to blend avgas. Simultaneously,this article points out it is possible to observe lead deposit,valve ablation and cylinder sealing reduction in piston engine when using Chinese 100 aviation gasoline. Unleaded 102 avgas produced by 12 manufactures have already been approved by the Federal Aviation Administration and is planned to replace the leaded avgas in 2018. Because of the demands of environment protection,energy-saving and emission-reduction,unleaded and bio-gasoline should be the development directions of aviation gasoline.

Key words: aviation fuels, leaded and unleaded aviation gasoline, piston engine, technical index, bio-gasoline

摘要： 航空汽油是航空燃料的重要组成部分。本文论述了国内外航空汽油从车用汽油、含铅航空汽油到无铅航空汽油，从低辛烷值到高辛烷值航空汽油的发展历程。比较含铅航空汽油和无铅航空汽油标准发现，辛烷值、铅含量、净热值、芳烃含量等技术指标的要求均有所区别。分析认为，标准技术指标不同的主要原因在于调合航空汽油的基础油不同。同时，本文指出了使用国产100号航空汽油易造成火花塞积铅、气门烧蚀及气缸密封性降低等问题。目前美国联邦航空局已经对12家企业生产的102号无铅航空汽油进行审定，计划在2018年取代现有含铅航空汽油。由于环境保护和节能减排的要求，无铅化及生物汽油都是未来航空汽油的发展方向。

关键词: 航空燃料, 含铅和无铅航空汽油, 活塞式发动机, 技术指标, 生物汽油