Abstract:

Hydrogen is a clean and green fuel and energy source. Its production through reforming reaction is currently one of the mature processing technologies in chemical industries. Ni-based catalysts have attracted extensive attentions of researchers because of their high availability, high activity and low cost. However, the deactivation of catalysts often occurs due to sintering, carbon deposition and poisoning during the reaction. How to improve the stability of the Ni-based reforming catalysts is still a problem to be solved. In this paper, three main reasons for the deactivation of Ni-based reforming catalysts are summarized. In addition, the research progress in improving the reaction performance and the stability of Ni-based reforming catalysts in recent years is reviewed from the aspects of the regulation of size and nanostructure of Ni particle, enhancement of the metal-support interaction as well as the formation of lattice oxygen or surface oxygen species. Finally, it also shows that the optimization of reaction conditions, adjusting the chemical composition and tailoring the nanostructure of Ni particle can be used to improve the stabilities of Ni-based catalysts in the reforming reaction.

Key words: Ni-based catalysts, reforming reaction, sintering, carbon deposition, poisoning, deactivation

摘要：

H₂是一种清洁、绿色的燃料和能源载体。目前工业上应用较为成熟的生产工艺是重整反应制氢。其中，Ni基重整催化剂由于其高储量、高活性和低成本的优点而受到研究人员的广泛关注，但在反应过程中存在易因烧结、积炭和中毒等原因而失活的问题。因此，如何提高Ni基重整催化剂的反应稳定性是一个急需解决的问题。本文介绍了上述三种引起Ni基重整催化剂失活的主要原因，并从调控金属Ni粒子粒径、增强金属-载体相互作用、形成晶格氧或表面氧物种以及Ni粒子纳米结构调控四个方面阐述了近年来在抑制失活并提高Ni基重整催化剂反应性能和稳定性领域所取得的研究进展，并且提出优化反应条件、调变化学组成和调控Ni粒子纳米结构将是提高Ni基催化剂在重整反应过程中的稳定性的有效方法。

关键词: Ni基催化剂, 重整反应, 烧结, 积炭, 中毒, 失活