Abstract: At present, the research of alkylation is mainly focused on the development of new catalysts and the strengthening of acid-hydrocarbon mixing process. The development of novel liquid acid alkylation reactors is one of the breakthrough points. In this paper, the status of alkylation technology at home and abroad were reviewed. The reaction process of solid acid,sulfuric acid,hydrofluoric acid and ionic liquid as catalyst were introduced. The mechanism of C₄ alkylation was also reviewed. Based on the fact that the H^- transfer of isobutane is the control step of the reaction, it was reported in this paper that the key of the development of alkylation is to strengthen the mass transfer of isobutane to acid phase, which is of great significance to the design of novel reactors. The reactors for concentrated sulfuric acid alkylation,which are divided into stirred mixing type, static mixing type, injection mixing type and shear mixing type according to the different ways of mixing,were emphatically introduced. This paper discusses several typical sulfuric acid alkylation reactors, including reactants mixing, products separation, and heat transfer. The advantages and disadvantages of various reactors are summarized,which is convenient for refiners to choose the reasonable alkylation reactor and process route.

Key words: alkylation, isobutane, reactors, mixing, coalescence

摘要： 目前烷基化研究主要集中在新型催化剂的开发和酸烃混合过程的强化，研究开发新型烷基化反应器是突破点之一。本文综述了国内外碳四烷基化工艺技术现状，简述了硫酸、氢氟酸、离子液体、固体酸作为催化剂的反应工艺。回顾了碳四烷基化反应机理，指出异丁烷的氢转移是反应的控速步骤，进而提出烷基化技术改进的关键是强化异丁烷向酸相的传质，并以此指导新型反应器的设计。文章着重介绍了硫酸法烷基化反应器，将其按照混合方式分为搅拌混合式、静态混合式、喷射混合式以及剪切混合式等。从原料混合、产物分离和传热等方面详细介绍了几种典型的硫酸法烷基化反应器，并对各种反应器的优缺点进行了总结，便于炼油企业结合自身优势选择合理的烷基化反应器及工艺路线。

关键词: 烷基化, 异丁烷, 反应器, 混合, 聚结