Abstract: Fresh water generator is one of the important marine auxiliaries. It uses steam or cooling liquid waste heat from internal combustion engine cylinder as the driving heat source and provides fresh water for the ship. It is a trend that tube and shell heat exchanger was replaced by the plate type heat exchanger in the field of marine distillation fresh water generator while the design of relevant products is scarce in literatures in China. Operating conditions were selected through study of thermodynamic calculation and heat transfer calculation of distiller. The structure of ejector device was improved to improve performance. These are all for the sake of the overall process design for the fresh water generator from the perspective of thermodynamics and fluid mechanics. The driving force of the fresh water generator is internal combustion engine cooling fluid waste heat. Theoretical yield of fresh water was calculated with analysis and research the design key points of the generator at operation features. The experimental results showed that the fresh water quality and the operating characteristics of the fresh water generator meet the design requirements. It can provide reference for plate type fresh water generator manufacture and research.

Key words: fresh water generator, thermodynamics process, plate distiller, ejector, flow

摘要： 造水机是重要的船舶辅机之一,使用蒸汽或内燃机缸套冷却液余热作为驱动热源,为船舶提供淡水.目前国际市场上船用蒸馏造水机已由管壳式换热器向板片式换热器过渡,国内相关设计产品和技术研究比较缺乏.本文为了研究板式蒸馏造水机换热及流动特性,以内燃机冷却液余热作为驱动力,选取实际运行工况,从热力学和流体力学角度分析研究板式蒸馏造水装置的设计要点,通过对造水机的板式蒸馏器进行热力计算和换热计算,对引射器进行结构改进设计以及对造水机的整体工艺流程设计,得到船用板式蒸馏造水机各部分的结构和详细尺寸参数.计算得到额定工况下的理论产水量并进行低负荷实验.结果表明,造水机产水品质和运行特性符合设计要求,为板式造水机制造和研发提供参考.

关键词: 造水机, 热力学过程, 板式蒸馏器, 引射器, 流动